동태적패널모형을 이용한 손해보험의위험인수주기 분석
An Analysis of Underwriting Cycles in Property-Liability Insurance Using Dynamic Panel Model
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본 연구는 집계된 손해율 데이터를 이용하여 시계열AR(2)모형을 통해 위험인수주기를 산출하는 기존의 연구들과 달리 손해보험회사의 연도별 손해율 데이터를 이용하여 동태적패널모형(dynamic panel model)을 통해 위험인수주기를 측정하였다. 이 때 모수의 추정은 Arellano and Bond(1991)의 1단계 및 2단계 GMM을 이용하였다. 측정 결과 손해보험 전체의 경우 시점 및 시점의 손해율에 대한 회귀계수가 통계적으로 유의한 가운데 위험인수주기가 존재하였고, 그 길이는 5.4~6.9년인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 경제성장률은 손해율에 음(-)의 영향을, 소비자물가상승률은 손해율에 정(+)의 영향을, 그리고 이자율상승률은 손해율에 음(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 종목별 손해율을 이용한 모형에서는 거시경제변수를 통제할 경우 장기보험에서 회귀계수가 통계적으로 유의한 가운데 위험인수주기가 7.2년인 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 거시경제요인은 자동차보험의 손해율에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다.
Abstract
Unlike previous studies which estimated an underwriting cycle using AR(2) time-series models with aggregated loss ratio data, this study measures the underwriting cycle using a dynamic panel model with the yearly loss ratio data of property-liability insurance companies. We also used the one-step and two-step GMM, developed by Arellano and Bond (1991), to estimate our model parameter values. We analyzed models using the loss ratio data of entire property-liability insurance companies and the each line of property-liability insurance, respectively. The results of our paper are as follow. In case of entire property-liability insurance, the coefficients of loss ratio to each of the time lag and are significant at 1% level. In addition, there exists an underwriting cycle and its length is 5.4~6.9 years. Also, economic growth rates and growth rate of interest rate have a significant negative effect on loss ratio while growth rate of CPI have a significant positive influence. Next, by line of property-liability insurance, the underwriting cycle length of long-term insurance is estimated to be 7.2 years. Moreover, macroeconomic factors have only a statistically significant effect on the loss ratio of auto insurance.
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