지출탄력성이 환경세의 효율성 개선효과에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석
A study on Efficiency Gain Effect from Environmental taxation and the Elasticity of Expenditure
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초록
본 논문은 환경세의 이중배당가설과 환경세 부과대상 재화의 지출탄력성에 대한 연구이다. 본 연구의 결론은 환경세 정책의 효율성 개선효과가 환경세 부과대상 재화의 지출탄력성에만 의존하는 것이 아니라, 경제 내에 존재하는 다른 재화, 즉 환경세가 부과되지 않는 재화와의 상대적인 지출탄력성에도 영향을 받을 수 있음을 지적하고 있다. 본 연구결과는 향후 우리나라 환경세 정책추진에 있어 다음과 같은 시사점을 제시한다. 환경세 정책은 환경의 질적 개선을 최우선 목표로 추진됨이 바람직하지만, 만약 조세체계 전반에 걸친 효율성 개선까지 염두에 둔다면 부과대상 재화의 지출탄력성까지 함께 고려하는 것이 바람직하다는 점이다. 구체적으로 환경세 부과대상 재화를 선정함에 있어서 가급적 지출탄력성이 낮은 재화위주로 구성하는 것이 효율성 개선효과를 극대화할 수 있는 방안이다.
Abstract
This paper confirms previous results indicating that the expenditure elasticity of demand for polluting goods plays an important role in achieving efficiency gains from tax reforms. Moreover, this paper finds that the results of the tax reforms depend not only on the size of the expenditure elasticity for the polluting goods but also on the relative size of the expenditure elasticities between polluting goods and clean goods. It also shows that in order to enhance the overall tax efficiency by the environmental tax reform, the expenditure elasticity of demand for clean goods should be larger than that of polluting goods. The result implies the following policy suggestion: When the tax authority considers green tax reforms, the expenditure elasticities should not be neglected to achieve gains in the overall efficiency of the tax system.
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