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감사보수와 감사시간이 재무분석가의 이익예측 오차에 미치는 영향

The Effect of Audit Fee and Audit Hour on Analysts' Forecast Error

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참고문헌

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주제분류회계학

초록

본 연구는 감사보수와 감사시간이 재무분석가의 이익예측 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 구체적으로 본 연구에서는 감사품질 또는 감사위험에 따라 결정되는 감사보수 및 감사시간이 재무분석가의 이익예측치의 오차를 줄이는데 기여하는지를 알아보았다. 감사품질이 증가할 경우 감사보수와 감사시간이 증가하여 이익예측치의 오차가 줄어들 것으로 예측된다. 그러나 감사위험이 증가하는 경우에도 감사보수와 감사시간이 증가하지만, 이 경우 이익예측치의 오차는 늘어날 것으로 예측된다. 이를 검증하기 위하여 본 연구는 2000년부터 2004년까지 유가증권시장에 상장된 12월 결산법인 중에서 금융업을 제외하고 분석에 이용가능했던 평균 675개 기업-연도 자료의 표본을 사용하였다. 재무분석가의 이익예측치는 분기별로 3월말, 6월말, 9월말 및 12월말 자료가 분석에 이용되었다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 6월말, 9월말 및 12월말 예측치에서 감사보수가 정상 수준보다 높은(낮은) 기업일수록 재무분석가의 이익예측 오차는 유의하게 더 낮았다(높았다). 또한 비정상 감사보수가 상위 10%에 속한 기업들이 그렇지 않은 기업들에 비하여 재무분석가의 이익예측의 오차가 더 낮았다. 둘째, 3월말과 6월말의 예측치에서 감사인의 감사투입시간이 정상 수준보다 많은(적은) 기업일수록 재무분석가의 이익예측 오차는 유의하게 더 높았다(낮았다). 또한 비정상 감사시간이 상위 10%에 속한 기업들이 그렇지 않은 기업들에 비하여 재무분석가의 이익예측 오차가 더 높았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 감사보수는 감사품질과 밀접한 관계가 있어 높은 감사보수를 지급한 기업은 재무분석가의 이익예측 오차가 작고, 감사시간은 감사위험과 더욱 긴밀한 관계에 있어 감사위험이 큰 기업은 미래에 대한 불확실성이 높아 재무분석가의 이익예측 오차가 큰 것으로 보인다.

Abstract

This study examines the association between audit fee and audit hour and properties of analysts' earnings forecasts. Specifically, we use abnormal audit fees and abnormal audit hours which started to be disclosed from year 2000. The abnormal audit fees imply the audit fees paid to auditors more than expected normal fees. Similarly, the abnormal audit hours imply the audit hours spend by auditors in order to audit the client firm more than expected normal hours. We focus on the accuracy (or error) of analysts' earnings forecasts among the properties of analysts' earnings forecasts because the accuracy is the greatest concern among the market participants. Auditors can provide high-quality audit service by exerting more audit efforts (measured by audit fee and hours). The higher quality audit service restricts opportunistic earnings management by managers. Thus, the more audit efforts may represent the higher quality of audit service. As a result, it is possible that analysts use high-quality financial information to generate earnings forecasts, which result in less forecast error. In contrast, the more audit efforts could represent more audit risk or uncertainty related to the audit process. In such a case, more audit effort may represent uncertain future of the firm. As a result, it is expected that analysts' earnings forecast error increases. Thus, it is an empirical issue to examine if the increased audit efforts are linked to higher or lower forecast error. Because analysts analyze the audited financial statements in order to issue earnings forecasts, if the financial statements are scrutinized by high (low) quality audit service, the financial statement would be more (less) reliable and could provide better (worse) picture of future prospect of the firm. Thus, when analysts issue forecasts, if they use the financial statements audited by high (low) quality auditors, it is expected that the forecasts issued by the analysts contain less (more) forecast errors. To examine this prediction, we use on average 675 firm-year observations collected over 2000 to 2004 period. Firms belong to financial industry are excluded. These samples are listed companies in Korean Stock Exchange. We collected the analysts' forecasts collected from Fn-Data Guide Pro database and use forecasts issued on March, June, September, and December of each year. The empirical findings are summarized as follows. First, the error of forecasts issued on June, September, and December are significantly lower (higher) for the firms with abnormally higher (lower) fees. In addition, firms with abnormal fees belong to top 10 percent have smaller forecast errors. Second, for forecasts issued on March and June, the firms with abnormally high (low) audit hours show greater (smaller) forecast error. In addition, firms with abnormal hours belong to top 10 percent have higher forecast errors. In sum, the results imply that abnormal fee has positive association with forecast accuracy, whereas abnormal audit hour has negative association with forecast accuracy. It implies that audit fee increases as audit quality increases. In contrast, the audit hour increases for risky firms or firms with greater future uncertainty. Auditors may spend more time to audit such firms but the financial statements of those firms are not as accurate or reliable as those of other firms. Our findings should also be useful to investor who use these forecasts to value firms, as it suggests that the earnings expectations of firms that employ a high audit quality and low audit risk to be more accurate.

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