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감사인 교체와 감사보수 및 감사노력 수준의 변화

Auditor Switches and the Changes of Auditor Behavior

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류회계학

초록

과거의 선행연구들에서는 감사인 교체 시점에서 감사보수 할인이 발생한다고 보고하였다. 각국 규제기관들은 이런 감사보수 할인이 감사품질의 저해를 가져올 수 있다고 염려하고 있다. 이런 염려와는 달리, 최근 자료를 이용하여 수행한 본 연구에서는 감사인 교체 시 오히려 감사보수와 감사시간이 증가한다는 것을 발견하였다. 수습공인회계사를 제외한 직급별 회계사의 감사시간이 대부분 증가하였는데, 특히 담당이사(업무수행이사)의 감사시간이 증가하였다. 그러나 감사인 교체시 시간당 감사보수는하락하였는데, 그 차이는 대부분 등록공인회계사의 시간당 감사보수 할인 때문이었다. 이런 현상은 신구 감사인이 모두 대형회계법인인 경우에 더욱 두드러지게 나타났다. 담당이사의 감사시간이 증가할수록 재량적 발생액으로 측정한 감사품질이 개선되는데, 전임감사인 대비 교체된 신임 감사인의 직급별 회계사의 감사시간 변동은 대부분 감사품질과 유의적인 관련성을 가지고 있지 않았다. 특히 이러한 발견은 전기대비 감사보수가 증가하는 경우에만 발견되었다. 이런 발견을 종합해보면, 2000년 후반과 2010년대에 걸쳐 실시된 감사품질 강화를 목적으로 하는 여러 제도들의 효과가 발휘되어 감사인 교체이후 새로 감사를 맡게 된 감사인이라도 많은 노력을 투입하여 감사품질을 일정하게 유지하고 있다고 볼 수 있다.

Abstract

Several prior studies document that audit fee drops significantly at the time of auditor switches. This phenomenon is called as ‘audit fee low-balling’ or ‘initial audit fee discounting.’ Worldwide regulators have expressed serious concerns on the issue since the low audit fees may impair auditor independence and thus audit quality. Motivated by the continuous calls for research and concerns of regulators, we revisit this audit fee low-balling topic using relatively recent firm-year observations. To investigate whether and how audit fees and audit hours change after auditor switches, we manually collect the audit hours of Korean firms listed in the stock market. The sample period starts from 2014 and ends at 2020. Our findings are summarized as follows. First, we find that, in contrast to the findings in many prior studies, audit fees increase significantly after auditor switches. Second, audit fee increases occur by increasing audit effort (e.g., audit hours); however, audit risk premiums (e.g., audit fees per hour) decrease significantly after auditor switches. Third, while the audit hours for most classes of the individual accountants increase, the significant increase is especially observed for partner and senior CPA audit hours rather than junior CPA audit hours. These findings suggest that auditors increase their effort levels at the time of auditor switches, potentially due to their concern for the audit risk related to the new clients. Fourth, we interestingly observe the decrease of audit fees per audit hours at the time of auditor switches. The finding is more pronounced when past and new auditors are all Big 4 auditors. Fifth, when we investigate the effect of auditor switches on audit quality, we find some evidence that audit quality, measured by the magnitude of discretionary accruals, does not change at the time of the auditor switches, suggesting that Korean auditors mostly maintain the level of appropriate audit quality. Lastly, our findings are robust to alternative research design and sample selection procedure. In sum, our study provides practitioners, policy-makers, regulators, and researchers with critical insights into the effect of the auditor switches on audit fees, audit hours, and audit hours per CPA ranks. The several reforms pronounced at the late 2000s and 2010s may influence auditor behaviors. We conjecture that the regulatory changes results in improved audit quality, so that auditors maintain their service quality even at the initial year of audit engagement.

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