유아 기질 유형에 따른 양육자의 양육스트레스와 유아의 내재화 및 외현화 문제
A Study of Parenting Stress and infant’s internalized/externalized Behavior Problems and Temperament Type
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본 연구는 유아의 기질유형과 내재화 및 외현화 문제행동, 양육자의 양육스트레스 수준의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 만 3~6세 자녀의 양육자 401명을 대상으로 유아의 기질(STS), 정서행동문제(K-CBCL), 양육 스트레스(K-PSI-SF) 설문을 실시하였다. 양육자의 양육스트레스와 유아의 정서행동문제와 관련이 높은 것으로 제안되는 부정정서, 행동억제, 의도적 통제의 3개의 기질 요인이 높고 낮음에 따라 8개의 집단으로 분류하였다. 기질 유형별로 분류된 유아에 대한 양육자의 양육스트레스(양육스트레스 전체, 부모의 고통, 부모-자녀 역기능적 상호작용, 까다로운 자녀), 유아의 내재화 문제(내재화 전체, 정서적 반응성, 불안/우울, 신체화, 위축) 및 외현화 문제(외현화 전체, 주의문제, 공격행동)의 차이를 검증하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아의 기질 유형에 따른 양육자의 양육스트레스에서 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 유아 기질 유형에 따른 내재화 문제에서 내재화 전체, 정서적 반응성, 불안/우울, 위축 요인에서 차이가 있었으나, 신체증상에서는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 유아 기질 유형에 따른 외현화 문제(외현화 전체, 주의문제, 공격행동)에서 차이가 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 유아의 기질 유형을 구분하여 부모 상담 및 교육 시, 적절한 개입을 위한 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study investigated caregiver’s parenting stress and their child’s temperament and internalized/externalized behavior problems. Participants included 401 caregivers of 36 to 72 children. Mother’s parenting stress and their child’s internalized/externalized behavior problems and temperament were measured using the Korean parenting stress index short form (K-PSI-SF), Korean-child behavior checklist (K-CBCL), and six-factor temperament scale (STS), respectively. Data was classified into eight groups according to the high and low levels of negative emotion, behavioral inhibition, and effortful control. Differences were observed in parenting stress, internalized problems, and externalized problems. Based on the results, there was a difference in caregivers’ parenting stress according to their infant’s temperament type. Additionally, differences were found in overall internalized problems, emotional responsiveness, anxiety/depression, and withdrawal factors in the internalized problem domain according to the infant substrate type; however, there was no difference in physical symptoms. Furthermore, differences were found in the externalized problem domain(overall externalized problems, attention problems, and aggressive behavior) according to the infant temperament type. Therefore, the results of this study provide useful information for appropriate intervention in parental counseling and education by classifying the temperament types of infants.
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