「분지」 읽는 시간 - 1960년대 문화정책과 미국 표상을 둘러싼 소설의 운명 -

Abstract

This thesis examines the dynamics in which the American representation in Nam Jeong-hyeon's novel ‘The Bunji’ (1965) acquires an aesthetic and political perspective inside and outside the text. This is an exploration of the historical significance of the so-called “Bunji” writing case, in which politicians prosecuted literature in the context of cultural policy in the 1960s, and the reason why the novel “Bunji” should be read overlappingly. This thesis examines the representation of the United States in 「Bunji」 from two points of view. One is the negative instance of the narrative. The novel The Bunji overturned the image of the US military, who was the benefactor of liberation and eternal ally, and furthermore, the protector of world peace and the object of South Korean capitalism's desire. The other is the mediating instance of the narrative. Much of the novel “The Bunji” that mediates American representation is aimed at the coalition of commercial capital and corrupt political power, the fiction of development and growth, and the reality that limits freedom of expression. It is a state in which two instances are superimposed. The reading method of “Bunji” had to consider two layers (the situation of the public sphere in South Korea and the situation of confrontation with the regime in North Korea), and it was necessary to artificially weave the two layers. In other words, by realistically prosecuting the fictional reality and imagination prosecuted by “Bunji” in a political context, “Bunji” took the strategy of inflicting a crack in the public opinion of the 1960s and internalizing the self-censorship of literary subjects. By reading the novel “Bunji” as a handwritten case of “Bunji,” it is intended to create a spiral of ‘anti-Americanism = Yonggong’ and use it as a frame for the discourse on modernization, and to distinguish it from North Korea's nationalism of ‘anti-Americanism = patriotism’. did. In this respect, ‘Bunji’ is the product of a project that divided the literary field in the 1960s through extra-literary coercion that equalized or reduced the novel text to a political interpretation. Basin is also a case in which the fate of the novel was changed by North Korea's cultural policy in the 1960s. As the confrontation between North Korea and the United States escalated over nuclear weapons, North Korea's political education was strengthened and “anti-American politics” began to be emphasized. In response, North Korea launched an anti-American mass movement starting with South Korea's deployment of nuclear weapons, and implemented a cultural policy that combined and expanded North Korean-style patriotism. It was in this context that writer Nam Jeong-hyeon's novel “Bunji” was reprinted in the North Korean newspaper “Reunification of the Fatherland” (May. 8. 1965). Due to North Korea's cultural policy of appropriating the representation of the United States, the fate of the novel Basin met the fate of being prosecuted as a political text. Nam Jeong-hyeon's Bunji is a work based on an allegory. Allegory is a narrative technique that captures unconverged severities and differences without removing them. Therefore, if an allegory occurs when something cannot but be reproduced even though it is known that it cannot be reproduced, Nam Jeong-hyeon's ‘Bunji’ can be recognized as a ‘work that connects fragments of utopian impulses’ in this context.