근대 신중도에 보이는 예적금강 도상 변화에 대한 시론

Abstract

Sinjungdo (paintings of the guardian deities) are Buddhist paintings made based on ritual guides, but new icons were added as time passed. In particular, those paintings were greatly influenced by surrounding countries, especially Japan. Buddhist mission work stations from Japan were established in Korea after opening the ports, which increased the influence of Esoteric Buddhism. Naturally, Japanese Buddhist icons entered Korea, and Buddhist paintings began to feature Acala (Budong Mingwang) and Ucchusma (Yejeok-geumgang) that had not been found before. There are 24 pieces featuring Japanese Buddhist icons in modern Sinjungdo, and 2 of them portrayed both Acala and Ucchusma, while 22 pieces portray only Ucchusma. Ucchusma is a Japanese Buddhist icon that is relatively more emphasized, showing new patterns of layouts, attires and features in the 20 th century in addition to the many-sided cremation form. These changes are to lay more stress on Ucchusma. Sinjungdo featuring Acala and Ucchusma had been made actively since the 20 th century all over the nation regardless of region. Most Ucchusma featured in Korean Sinjungdo are many faces and many arms icons, seemingly changed into a more Korean style after the inflow. However, as a result of examining Ucchusma of Sinjungdo in the Daegwangjeon Hall of Pyochungsa Temple built in 1930, it was discovered that they were depicted almost in the same way as Mahakala of esoteric Buddhism in Tibet.