조선 후반기 제3기(純祖-純宗代) 掛佛畵의 도상해석학적 연구

Abstract

The third stage of the late Joseon period from 1801 to 1910 (from King Sunjo’s to King Sunjong’s days) is socially chaotic due to introduction of Western culture and popular uprising along with modernization. Distinguishing themselves since the 1800s, some Buddhist monk painters led the realm of Buddhist painting in the last period of Joseon with their continuous activities even in the early 20th century. The scope of this study is limited to the time before 1930 as it is believed that quality inclination was remarkable in Buddhist Banner Paintings and common Buddhist paintings due to the tendency of modernization since the 1930s. After examining the temporal, thematic, and local conditions with Banner Paintings of Buddha themes, on which temple attention and techniques were intensely paid, as its subjects, this study has analyzed the contents of iconographies, and explored factions of monk painters of Buddhist Banner Paintings at that time that participated in the creation of Buddhist paintings and their painting styles. In the 19th~20th centuries, due to rapidly changing social environments, many Buddhist banner paintings with the themes of Sakyamuni and Amitabha for the purpose of the peace of the royal family and the tendency of dependence upon Buddhism were created. This was especially because hopes and wishes for the worldly interest and afterlife euthanasia greatly worked. In particular, it is conjectured that many Buddhist paintings with the theme of Amitabha were created in accordance with the chaotic social trends due to invasions by surrounding powerful nations by the 20tthcentury, and such a tendency appeared in Buddhist Rear Paintings and was consistent with the creation of lots of Amitabha paintings. Also on the side of themes, considering the emergence of Medicine Buddha and the increase of Three-World Buddha paintings, we can conjecture that the philosophy of aspiring to mundane good health and long life, and afterlife euthanasia more prevailed in this period than in any other periods, with Sakyamuni as the main Buddha.