19세기 如來圖에 융합된 觀音菩薩의 新圖像 硏究

Abstract

This study is about the new icon of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara in the late of Joseon Dynasty which a Buddha painting of 19thcentury and the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara have been amalgamated into. Taking note of this icon, the present writer contemplated the features of this and the appearance background through the examples, real statues and forms. Before 19thcentury, the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara was prevalent as the religious faith solely, and was either enshrined as the painting in the separate Avalokiteśvara palace or painted as the secondary status or one of Bodhisattvas of the upper painting. On the other hand, the new icon of Avalokiteśvara, which was blended with a Buddha painting, was painted below overall Buddha in the painting. This has two types. One is the form painting the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara and her left-right secondary status together with a rocky mountain for background as zoning the outline by a huge circle. The other is the form painting the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara sitting with her legs completely crossed and taking Samadhi(means a higher level of concentrated meditation) sign of hands solely. The present writer thought that the former emphasized ‘potalaka’ which is the world of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara. And the latter formed her methods of asceticism to reach nirvana through listening to the sounds and to lead all living things to the paradise into the image of Avalokiteśvara in the state of Samadhi. About the background of appearance of the new icon of Avalokiteśvara is supposed to be the blooming mood of SeonJeong Gyeom So(means practicing asceticism with Seon and chanting a Buddhist prayer), the late-blooming Sukhavati(the pure land of the Buddha Amitabha) faith and the faith of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara still worked strongly in the public at that time. The icon of Samadhi sign of hands has appeared in the painting of Sukhavati and the image of Avalokiteśvara with the painting of Buddha in the 19thcentury. This has supported the above-mentioned truth greatly. Finally, the new icon of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara with a Buddha painting is a good example that showed not only the asceticism system of chanting a Buddhist prayer that practiced Seon and Sukhavati but also the Sukhavati faith in the late of Joseon Dynasty.