통일신라 佛塔의 四天王像과 그 의미

Abstract

The Pagodas, in Unifed Silla , are decorated in relief with various images. the statue of the Four Devas(four heavenly guardians of Buddhism) of those image are affiliated with Suvar aprabh sottamar ja-sūtra(金光明經) in the latter part of 7th century. and located various floors of Pagoda. About this, We arranged Pagodas carved the statue of the Four Devas by caces and classified by floors of Pagoda carved these. and examined their meaning of symbols with being made pagoda in early. Pagoda carved in the Four Devas can be divided into four types. This show obvious local charater. Ⅰtype is carved the statue of the Four Devas on the first floor of Pagoda and Ⅱtype, another image, anoter floor of Pagod with them on the first floor of it. Most of these show in GyungJu. and in early. Jeolla-Do show Ⅱtype and Ⅲtype, the statue of the Four Devas with various images on the first floor of it. Gangwon-Do, Ⅲtype and Ⅳtype, the statue of the Four Devas with various images on the upper stereobate of it. and Gyeongsandbuk- Do in and around AnDong․Uiseong show all. Ⅰ․Ⅱtypes, in Gyeongju, among them has in common, the Four Devas carved on the first floor of it. As stated above, the advent of the statue of the Four Devas has a close relation to Suvar aprabh sottamar ja-sūtra(金光明經) in the latter part of 7th century. About this believe the reasons and meaning, the statue of the Four Devas carved on the first floor of it, is Sarira Reliquary carved the statue of the Four Devas of three-story stone pagoda at Gameunsa Temple Site, in 682. especially, reliquary into eastern pagoda is Palace Building-shaped reliquary, the figuration of the Buddha's Land conception. and if this were made in Pagoda, the Four Devas is located on the first floor pagoda. and this mean the world of them in Sumi Mountain. their upper floor, Buddha's Land. this is related to the floor of being enshrine Sarira in Pagoda. for example, three-story stone at Wonwon temple site in Gyeongju, three-story stone of four lions at Whaeom temple in Gurye, the West Pagoda at Whaeom temple in Gurye, etc. these has the Hole for Sarira into second Roof Stone or second floor of Pagoda. In the middle of 8th century, Pagoda has the new form of the hole for sarira into the first floor of it. Since then, this show general form in Unified Silla. This suppose one of the reason that vaiorus image including the Four Devas carved the first floor of pagoda have to migrate the upper stereobate. But this will solve the vaiorus way my thinks. and first, we will research three-story stone of four lions at Whaeom temple in Gurye.