新羅 八部衆 圖像 전개에 있어 雙塔의 역할

Abstract

This paper aims to study the images of eight classes of divine beings- representing the largest portion of relief images carved on the stone pagodas of Silla-to examine their lineages created in the process of iconographic changes and developments. Thirty images of eight classes of divine beings have survived to present day. At the around 9th century, style changes and distinctive iconic changes took place. We paid attention to twin pagodas in connection with the change of the eight classes of divine beings images. The appearance of twin pagodas constitutes the biggest characteristic in the Buddhist pagodas of the Unified Silla, and differentiates the layout of temples with twin pagodas from that of previous temples. Stone pagodas with the carving of eight classes of divine beings began to be erected in the mid-eighth century, and concentrated on single pagodas. However, around the 9th century, eight classes of divine beings began to be carved on twin pagodas, harbingering a serious change in images. Twin pagodas with relief carvings are commonly characterized by the avoidance of same iconographic images, although they are of the same type. This trend did not take exception to twin pagodas; east and west pagodas feature the same images but different iconographic images. This trend triggered iconographic changes in eight classes of divine beings completed in the 8th century. This helped vitalize the establishment of iconographies of eight classes of divine beings which seriously appeared in the 9th century and that served as Buddhist pagoda guardian gods. This suggests that images of Eight Clases of Divine Beings, which appeared in Gyeongju and Gangwon, developed not separately, but in the iconographic homogeneity.