對蒙戰爭期 崔氏政權의 海圖入保策과 戰略海島

Abstract

Choi's political power(崔氏政權) superintended the war against Mongol during 29 years depending on Island Protection Tactics(海島入保策). And it maintained the rule of King Gojong(高宗), further more continued military rule for the long time against Mongol invasion. Island protection tactics was devised for the first time after Goryeo Dynasty reviewed Big Castles Protection System(大城入保體系) toward many castles in Heungwhado(興化道) against Mongol invasion on July 6th year(1219) of King Gojong. This tactics was designed concretely and was accomplished vigorously in Choi Woo(崔瑀)'s rule. The final program of island protection tactics was escapement to the Gangwha Island, temporary capital. Specific tactics of Choi military ruler that moved soldiers, provisions, weapons, and war-funds to major strategy islands and aimed a blind point of Mongolia Forces, defeated Mongol invader each time with great effect. Choi's political power relied on 23 strategy islands that mentioned in korean history books, until the end of time. 23 strategy islands played important role for maintenance of Choi's rule. Especially, Byeolcho[別抄: Night Patrols(夜別抄), Divine Righteous Troops(神義軍)] of the central army and JuhyeonByeolchogun(州縣別抄軍) that stationed at islands on the Yellow Sea, ventured to go ashore at rear troops of Mongolia Forces by surprise. As the result, a number of rear troops wiped out by Byeolcho and Juhyeonmin(州縣民). They threatened the path of retreat of Mongolia Forces, so in the end conducted its withdrawal. Except for destruction of Sinwido(神威島) that was a island out of 23 strategy islands, generally strategy islands on the Yellow Sea and the South Sea, repelled Mongolia Forces that performed naval battles. Seokdo(席島), Jodo(槽島), Aedo(艾島), Aphaedo(押海島), and Changrindo(昌麟島) Battles and Aju(牙州) Islands Battles were representative sea fights. Through triumph of these naval battles, strategy islands compelled Mongol invader to lots of bloods, and on the whole achieved brilliant war results. Island protection tactics that could not help escaping to small islands from Juhyeon(州縣) as a basic migration unit, was the fruit of clumsy resistance against Mongol. Also this tactics exposed serious weakness that could not annihilate Mongol army, because Choi's political power had no ability to organize grand army on the sea. But if we consider the gap of military strength between Mongol and Goryeo at that time, island protection tactics must be the best alternative plan against Mongol invasion. After the collapse of Choi's political power, military ruler both Kim Jun(金俊) and Im Yeon(林衍) held fast to maintain island protection tactics. Through this tactics, Kim Jun(金俊) and Im Yeon extended the latter period(1259～1270) of military rule 11 years more, and they refused that the Court surrender to Mongol Emperor. Island protection tactics played a decisive duty as effective opposition measure of 3 Crack Units(三別抄) against the Goryeo-Mongolia Combined Forces(麗蒙聯合軍) until armed resistance of 3 Crack Units was ceased at April 14th year of King Wonjong(元宗). Therefore, We can say that this tactics led to Gangwha Capital Era(江都時代) and Maritime Period(海洋時代) for some time.