명나라 후기 척계광의 ‘원앙진’과 팔진 원리
Qījì Guāng's Yuānyāngzhèn in the later Míng Dynasty and the principle of the Bǎizhèn
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The reason to devise excellent zhènfǎ(dispositions of troops) on the ancientbattlefields was thatitwas one ofthe lastmeans to determine victoriesin war.Sozhènfǎappearedatthetimeofthecriticalmomentof lifeanddeath. For a while, Yuānyāngzhèn had been considered different from the ancientBǎizhènfǎbuttheanalysisofitscomposition principlesshowsthat itwasmadebyapplyingBǎizhènfǎ'sprinciples.ThefunctionsofChōng(a spear), Héng(balance), Zhóu(the axis), Fēng(wind), Yún(cloud) and Yóubīng(adriftingweapon)in Bǎizhèn werealsoappliedtoYuānyāngzhèn. Namely,Pái(a shield)had Zhóu(the axis)'s,Lángxiǎn(a spearwith some blades)hadHéng(balance)'s,Qiāng(aspear)hadChōng(aspear)'s,Dǎng(a trident) had FēngYún(wind and cloud)'s and Huǒqiāng(a burning spear)had Yóubīng(a driftingweapon)'sfunctionsand thefightingprinciplethat twolinescooperatecloselywith each otherwasthesamethatQíbīngand Zhēngbīngactedin concert.IftheprinciplesofBǎizhèn andYuānyāngzhèn were the same,there would be a high chance thatBǎizhènfǎ used by ZhūgěLiàngwasnotFángzhèn(a squareformation)forthelargearmybut tacticsforthesmallonelikeYuānyāngzhèn. From these,we could find thatthe principles to composezhènfǎ were the samethroughouthistory.Accordingly,theprinciplesorganizing battle units,forming zhèn,operating Qízhēng according to attack and defense,changing properly depending on situations and attacking suddenly or shockinglywouldremain unchangedin thefuture.Therefore,liketheway thatQījìGuāngmadeYuānyāngzhènusingtheinnerprincipleswithoutbeing obsessed with thefixed outward forms,which ancientssought,ascalling them Fángzhèn(asquare),Yuánzhèn(acircle)andthelike,ifwestudyon the principles of ancient Zhènfǎ, we could also search for not a few lessonsforthemodernorfuturebattles.
Abstract
The reason to devise excellent zhènfǎ(dispositions of troops) on the ancientbattlefields was thatitwas one ofthe lastmeans to determine victoriesin war.Sozhènfǎappearedatthetimeofthecriticalmomentof lifeanddeath. For a while, Yuānyāngzhèn had been considered different from the ancientBǎizhènfǎbuttheanalysisofitscomposition principlesshowsthat itwasmadebyapplyingBǎizhènfǎ'sprinciples.ThefunctionsofChōng(a spear), Héng(balance), Zhóu(the axis), Fēng(wind), Yún(cloud) and Yóubīng(adriftingweapon)in Bǎizhèn werealsoappliedtoYuānyāngzhèn. Namely,Pái(a shield)had Zhóu(the axis)'s,Lángxiǎn(a spearwith some blades)hadHéng(balance)'s,Qiāng(aspear)hadChōng(aspear)'s,Dǎng(a trident) had FēngYún(wind and cloud)'s and Huǒqiāng(a burning spear)had Yóubīng(a driftingweapon)'sfunctionsand thefightingprinciplethat twolinescooperatecloselywith each otherwasthesamethatQíbīngand Zhēngbīngactedin concert.IftheprinciplesofBǎizhèn andYuānyāngzhèn were the same,there would be a high chance thatBǎizhènfǎ used by ZhūgěLiàngwasnotFángzhèn(a squareformation)forthelargearmybut tacticsforthesmallonelikeYuānyāngzhèn. From these,we could find thatthe principles to composezhènfǎ were the samethroughouthistory.Accordingly,theprinciplesorganizing battle units,forming zhèn,operating Qízhēng according to attack and defense,changing properly depending on situations and attacking suddenly or shockinglywouldremain unchangedin thefuture.Therefore,liketheway thatQījìGuāngmadeYuānyāngzhènusingtheinnerprincipleswithoutbeing obsessed with thefixed outward forms,which ancientssought,ascalling them Fángzhèn(asquare),Yuánzhèn(acircle)andthelike,ifwestudyon the principles of ancient Zhènfǎ, we could also search for not a few lessonsforthemodernorfuturebattles.
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