국방 병역정책 변동요인과 과정에 관한 연구 -Kingdon의 정책흐름(Policy Stream) 모형을 중심으로-

Abstract

In this paper, the cases related to National Defence Military Service are analyzed based on the model of Kingdon's Policy Stream. The followings are the detail of this result. First of all, there are three streams in Kingdon's theory-the stream of problems, of policies and of politics-and the stream of policies is the most important factor in Korean Military Service policy among three streams. Second, Kingdon insist that the three streams flow regularly and dynamically and they are simultaneously meet at some time at one point called ‘Policy Window’ and eventually, they cause political change. However, it is analyzed that if one country like korea has relatively less specialized or highly centralized political system, the three streams are not essential to be met to cause political change. Third, invisible political participants play more important part in a democratized political system and policy entrepreneurs play a decisive role in the policy stream model. There are three predictable political fields under the basic condition of the national policy. First, considering security environment of the inside and outside of the country and politics⋅economics⋅a nation's sense of value, how the period of military service should be adjusted is be predictable. Second, Alternative Military Service System would be phased out and it would be substituted by Society Service System to deal with the men who refuse to serve out military service because of their religion or conscience. Third, it is also expectable which policy is better between remaining compulsory draft system as it is and replacing present system with voluntary draft system. In conclusion, what we could understand during the fluctuation of korean military service policy is that although political influence would be most important variable in process of a policy decision, the decision should be rationally made by open and democratical procedure in the whole period of decision-making process. In addition, to establish the most suitable and reliable policy with keeping abreast of the world's security trend and satisfying a nation's demand, both visible decision-making participant such as president and high officials and invisible participant such as scholars, expertises and the persons interested should make a political community to improve military policy continuously.