중공군 제5차 2단계 공세와 미 제9군단의 지암리 포위 및 화천 진격작전

Abstract

The US IX Corps' Jiam-ri envelopment and Hwacheon advancement operations were a valuable battle in which the corps defended Chinese Communist Forces' (CCF) 2nd attack of the 5th offensive effectively and conducted counter-offensive resolutely, then enveloped and destroyed the CCF units who had advanced to the South of the 38th Parallel. In this essay, the focus is on the research of Jiam-ri envelopment battle & Hwacheon power-station restored by the US IX Corps during the UN Forces' 3rd offensive. I recomposed the planning process of the operations from many angles by referring to materials such as US IX Corps Command Report which was recently declassified and other documents published in the US and China. I summarized the battle records up until leading elements of the US 24th Division and US 7th Division had linked in the area near Mapyeong, which is described differently in all war history, through realistic battle development. I also reorganized the destruction process of the CCF 180th Division. Moreover, I analyzed the effects of the Infantry-Tank Task Force (TF) employed by the US IX Corps against the CCF units and the reaction of CCF against the US TF. The process of the destruction of CCF units near Jiam-ri by the ROK 6th Division and the process of the occupation of the Hwacheon power-station after they changed the operational zone, were reorganized, too. For user-based war history research, I used operational direction, culminating point, operational maneuver and tempo, integrated fires, substantiality, and psychological warfare as analysis frames. I especially analyzed the limits of CCF's operations substantiality and advantages of the US IX Corps' operational maneuver and tempo by comparing them. The US IX Corps' offensive looks like an operation initiative battle with the CCF. The CCF tried to recover from the failure of the 1st attack in the 5th offensive by envelopment and annihilation of the ROK Armed Forces located in the east area. However they suffered massive casualties by the counter-offensive of the US 8th Army, who had superior firepower and maneuver. As a result it provided a strategic turning point for the truce negotiation, caused the CCF to come to the negotiation table without further huge attack. I wish that readers could understand the combat process and results of the ROK 6th Division operations destroying an estimated 2 CCF divisions in the Jiam-ri envelopment annihilation which was part of the US IX Corps operations, would be reexamined correctly through this paper. I also hope that our military minds would be enhanced.