임진왜란 전후 중앙군제의 변화

Abstract

ThegovernmentofJoseon Dynastytransformedthecentralarmysystem in threerespects.First,ittransformed theway tocontrolthesoldiers.It abolished the personalcontrolsystem which was made in the period of militaryregimeofGoryeoDynastyand introduced a publiccontrolsystem in 1400.Butthere was a serious shortcoming in this system.While the generalscould command soldiersallotted to them in theory,they did not haveanysoldiersin fact.Becausethesoldierswereconsistedofpeasants who worked in their fields in peacetime.To overcome this shortcoming Hunryondogam(訓鍊都監)introducedtheprivatecontrolsystem in1593. Second,thegovernmentofJoseon Dynastyabolishedtherotation system of soldiers.KingTaejong(太宗)introducedtherotationsystem ofGabsa(甲士)topreventanypersonalrelationship between generalsandGabsa.But military abilities ofGabsa fellseverely and the rotations were not kept correctly.King Seonjo(宣祖) said in a sharp regretthatGabsa were not soldiersbutpeasants.ThereforeHunryondogam which wasfounded in the JapaneseInvasionof1592wasconsistedofstandingarmies. Third,ThegovernmentofJoseonDynastytransformedthemainforcesof armies from cavalrysoldierstoinfantrysoldiers.Becausecavalrysoldiers whoshouldtaketheirturnsfrom distantregionstriedtoevadetheirduties in early period ofJoseon Dynasty.Thedecreasein thenumberofhorses which wasmadeworsein thedevelopmentofagricultureafter16century and the sharp rise ofprice ofthe horse made theircarrying outtheir dutiesmoredifficult.MoreoverthegovernmentofJoseon Dynasty learned the superiority ofmatchlock during the Japanese Invasion of1592.The armies ofJoseon Dynasty whose main forces were cavalry soldiers were defeatedbytheJapanesearmieswhichusedmatchlock.Sothegovernment ofJoseon Dynasty tried totrain soldierstouseguns.Theintroduction of matchlockinfluencedgreatlythemilitaryindustryofJoseonDynasty.