6 · 25전쟁 시 국제사회의 대한(對韓) 물자지원 활동 -1950년∼58년 유엔의 한국 물자지원 재정립을 중심으로-

Abstract

During and after the Korean war, responding to the UN resolution and request, many countries participated in supporting supplies to Korea. Burma (Myanmar), Venezuela, Israel, Iceland, Ecuador, Japan, Jamaica, China (Taiwan), Cuba, Cambodia, Costa Rica, Pakistan, and Hungary provided supplies through CRIK right after the outbreak of the war until 1951. Thereafter, four countries; Argentina, Iran, Austria, and Uruguay joined in supplying materiel and the number of nations helping CRIK increased to nineteen. Meanwhile, countries participated in supporting through UNKRA increased to 20 from the very beginning of the Korean War up to the last day of 1953. Through CRIK, 13 countries were added: Guatemala, Dominica, Lebanon, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Switzerland, Egypt, Indonesia, Honduras, El Salvador, Chile, and Panama. 21 nations which provided either the ground troops or medical units are not included. In the same manner, four additional countries were confirmed as having participated in rescue efforts. Germany (West), Haiti, and Peru were three nations that offered supports under ERP's authorization excluding nations from the CRIK and UNKRA statistics. The diagram presented above distinguishes the names of supporting countries, organizations, years, supplies and amounts. Brazil for instance promised to transport $2.7 million worth of materials, according to UN's global request. However, it failed to support due to domestic issues. In case of Bolivia, the UN disinclined to acquiesce the dispatching of 30 professional officers, and no supplemental offers were confirmed on either UN almanac or other data. Nicaragua proposed offering raw rice and liquors, yet was not accepted due to transportation problem. Certain countries that demonstrated its intention to aid in accordance with international customs would still be significant. Countries like Portugal, Spain, Ireland, and Iraq additionally verified data related to the United Nations' support plans and also officially confirmed the materials through their embassy's. As a result, all four countries had stated approval of the UN's supporting resolution. Moreover, there was an accusation that these countries were persuaded by the United States, Great Britain, and Canada to provide aid, but that was not verified. As mentioned above, a complete number of countries that participated in the Korean War through United Nations was 60; 16 war-participants, 5 medical backup, and 39 material supporting countries. This number represents that 63 percent of all nations actively responded, since there were 93 independent countries and 60 UN members at that time. In particular, countries such as Hungary, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Switzerland, West Germany, Israel, Japan, Austria, and Vietnam that were not the members of United Nations also joined to give a helping hand to maintain peace and provide relief activities in the rehabilitation efforts in Korea.