조선후기 拳法의 군사무예 정착에 대한 문화사적 고찰

Abstract

This thesis is to examine the implementation process of unarmed fighting skill(拳法) and its change of training in the late of Joseon dynasty with cultural and historical point of view. It may be summarized as follows. Firstly, diffused unarmed fighting skill to military camp in the late of Joseon dynasty was come into widely use as 'Bo(譜)' format which was made by connecting Chinese unarmed fighting skill. This format had become a background unlike unarmed fighting skills’ training method of the time and used for unarmed fighting skill test and evaluation for Joseon’s soldiers. Secondly, the most important reason why Joseon soldiers learnt unarmed fighting skill was to use other weapons smoothly and set the common standard for body training. For instance, the height of punch from unarmed fighting skill was divided into 3 levels (上平, 中平, 下平) and the fact was confirmed that this method was used for spear fighting skill as well. Especially, weapons such as 'Nang-sun(狼筅)' or 'Dang-pa(鐺鈀)' were required with basic strength and flexibility of physical body because of its length and weight and unarmed fighting skill was most effective way to train soldiers for making fitted body to do martial art. Thirdly, It had improved from the form of 'Bo(譜)' to face to face battle form and body movements also became realistic. The usage of unarmed fighting skill had enlarged with not only simple blow skill but also newly added 'Jujitsu' skill to attack enemy in close distance. Last, the most distinctive point for settlement process of unarmed fighting skill in late Joseon dynasty was that this skill was spread focusing on soldiers. It was Joseon’s typical process unlike China or Japan to settle and spread martial art skill. Joseon’s unarmed fighting skill had settled through this way and stably trained as a subject for national military service examination.