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한국의 교육과 사회이동: 여성과 남성의 차이

A Review on Women’s Education and Social Mobility in Korea: Differences between Men and Women

장상수
한국여성정책연구원 (Korean Womens Development Institute)|2015.06|여성연구 (The Women's Studies)|제88권 제1호|pp. 491-541|DOI 10.33949/tws.2015.88.1.014

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참고문헌

키워드

inequality of educational opportunity교육기회의 불평등교육의 수익학업성적의 불평등학력성취의 불평등교육의 직업 수익교육의 임금 수익여성 교육의 혼인 수익returns to educationinequality of academic achievementinequality of educational attainmentoccupational returns to educationwage returns to educationmarriage returns to women’s education

초록

이 글에서는 지난 수 십 년 동안 한국의 사회이동을 다룬 국내외 경험 연구를 개관하였다. 사회이동 연구는 여러 가지 세부 주제로 나뉘지만 여기에서는 교육과 관련한 두 연구 주제, 즉 교육기회의 불평등과 교육의 수익을 살펴보았다. 특히 여성의 교육기회와 여성 교육의 수익을 더 상세하게 살펴보았다. 교육기회의 불평등은 다시 학업성적의 불평등과 학력성취의 불평등으로 나누어 살펴보았고, 교육의 수익은 직업 수익과 화폐 수익으로 나누어 알아보았다. 이 글은 한국의 교육기회의 불평등과 교육의 수익이 국제 사회에서 차지하는 상대적 위치를 확인하였거니와 시계열 변화 방향도 알아보았다. 이런 비교로 이 글은 다음과 같은 사실을 밝힐 수 있었다. 첫째, 학업성적이든 학력성취든 교육기회의 균등성은 1990년대 또는 2000년대 이후 점차 악화하였다. 둘째, 교육의 직업 수익과 화폐 수익, 그리고 여성의 혼인 수익은 시간이 흐르면서 점차 감소하였다.

Abstract

This paper reviewed the empirical research on the education and social mobility which have been published during the last several decades. Although these research can be classified into some detailed topics, this paper examined only the two education-related topics: the inequality of educational opportunity and the returns to education. Each of these two topics includes two details respectively: the former is consisted of the inequality of academic achievement and of educational attainment, whereas the latter comprises both the returns in the labor market such as occupational and monetary and the returns in the marriage market such as cultural and monetary. Summarizing the various findings of previous research, this paper tried to show both the present status or level of inequality in Korea in comparative perspective and the temporal change of it over the recent several decades. It found the following distinct trends; first, the equality of educational opportunity, regardless of whether it is the inequality of academic achievement or of educational attainment, has deteriorated since the early 2000s. Second, all of the returns to education, regardless of whether it is the labor market returns or marriage market returns, have declined since the mid 1990s.

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