아동 행복감과 모 행복감, 모 일자리 만족도 간 구조방정식 모형 분석
Examining the Structural Relationships between Children’s Happiness and the Happiness and Job Satisfaction of Working Mothers
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맞벌이 가구의 비중이 증가하면서 취업모의 다중 역할 수행에 대한 사회적 관심이 증대하고 있지만, 여전히 가정 영역에서 아동 돌봄과 양육은 여성의 역할이라는 인식은 취업모의 부담감을 가중시키고 있다. 모의 취업 여부가 아동의 인지 및 정서적 발달에 미치는 영향은 일부 수행되고 있으나, 취업모의 일자리 환경과 아동의 행복감이 갖는 구조적 관계를 탐색하는 연구는 미비하였다. 이에본 연구는 취업모를 대상으로 이들이 지각하는 일-가정양립에 대한 인식 및 일 만족도가 모의 행복감과 아동의 행복감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 구조적 관계를 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해한국아동패널 10차년도 자료를 활용하여 구조방정식 모형 분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구에서 설정된 구조 모형의 적합도 지수는 전반적으로 양호하여, 연구의모형이 연구 자료에 잘 부합하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 변인 간의 관계에 대한 가설 검정 결과, 일-양육 이점과 일자리 만족도는 모의 행복감에 정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으나, 아동의행복감에는 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그리고 모 행복감은 아동 행복감에 정적으로유의한 영향을 주었다. 셋째, 취업모의 일-양육 이점과 일자리 만족도는 모 행복감을 매개로 아동의행복감에 정적인 영향을 미쳤는데, 이러한 간접효과는 통계적으로 유의하였다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 취업모의 행복감과 아동의 행복감 증진을 위한 정책적 시사점을 도출하였다.
Abstract
Even though the number of dual-income households has been increasing, the perception that child care and rearing is the role of women at home has remained. A few empirical studies on the relationship between maternal employment and children’s cognitive and emotional development have been conducted. Still, studies investigating the structural relationships between the working environment of working mothers and children’s happiness have been sparse. We aimed to explore the relationship between the working condition of working mothers and children’s happiness. For this, we exploited structural equation model analysis using data from the 10th Panel Study on Korean Children. The results of this study are as follows. First, the model of this study fitted the data well. Second, based on the analysis of the hypothesis testing the relationship between variables, we found that work-parenting gains and job satisfaction had a positive effect on maternal happiness whereas, they did not have a statistically significant influence on children’s happiness. And the happiness of working mothers had a positive impact on the children’s happiness. Third, work-parenting gains and job satisfaction of working mothers influenced positively on children’s happiness through mother’s happiness. Also, these indirect effects were statistically significant. We suggested policy implications for enhancing the happiness of working mothers and their children based on the results of this study.
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