옹진군 소청도 미역채취 기술의 다양성과 지속의 함의

Abstract

This paper aims to discuss the diversity of sea mustard harvesting techniques identified during field investigation in Socheong-do Island in 2020 and 2021 and explore the implications behind the diversity. For this purpose, various fishing methods and gears identified at the sea mustard harvesting site in Socheong-do were divided into intertidal zone techniques and subtidal zone techniques. The reasons why the various harvesting techniques in the island can be continued were identified as environmental factors, relevance to livelihood, and preference for ‘quality sea mustard’. Based on this, the practice could be continued. First, the variety of sickles used in the intertidal zone and the use of different sickles according to the tide time were examined. In Socheong-do, along with general sickles, various long sickles with handles ranging from 1 meter to 2.5 meters are used. A long sickle is used for collecting sea mustard from a distance, and an ordinary sickle is used for collecting sea mustard nearby. Various sickles are used not for the purpose of simple distance control, but from consideration of ebb time. As for sea mustard harvesting method in the subtidal zone, the collection using a boat and the collection by diving were examined. When a boat is used, it is anchored near the shore during the high tide season and long sickles are used for collecting sea mustard. Divers mainly work near the shore during the high tide season to collect sea mustard with sickles. The implications of the diversity of sea mustard harvesting techniques in Socheong-do were identified in terms of environmental conditions, adjustment of harvesting time in consideration of livelihood, and preference for sea mustard under the water. Sickles of various lengths were used in the intertidal zone because the space was limited due to the topographical conditions. Although sea mustard inhabits the entire coast of Socheong-do, only a small portion of the intertidal zone can be used. Therefore, in order to collect as much sea mustard as possible in a limited space, they collect sea mustard before the seawater drains away completely. Observation of the circumstances of the change in the harvesting period confirmed two facts. Currently, sea mustard is collected for 30 days from the end of May to the end of June. In the past when there were many divers, it was collected for a month after the summer solstice, which occurred around June 21-22. The reason was to wait for the water temperature to rise in consideration of divers, and at the same time to secure a space for drying seaweed after finishing barley farming. Lastly, the diversity of harvesting techniques is maintained due to the preference for sea mustard under the water over sea mustard in the intertidal zone. When wetsuits were introduced through Jeju haenyeo (female divers) in the 1970s, Socheong-do accepted them wholeheartedly, and men wore them, and even women began to dive. This reaction is special in that it is a choice different from that made in the western coast and southern coast because, as wetsuits were introduced in the western and southern coasts, male divers naturally disappeared. Male divers still exist in Socheon-do, which is thought to be due to the food culture that favors sea mustard growing under the water. This is because they have to dive or use a boat to collect the long, soft sea mustard that grows under the water. People who use long sickles in the intertidal zone make efforts to extend their sickles and collect sea mustard in the subtidal zone. It can be concluded that the preference that sea mustard under water is ‘quality sea mustard’ is the cultural basis for various harvesting techniques to continue.