단어의미 추론에서 상호배타성제약과 의도의 역할: 한국어 자료를 중심으로
Mutual exclusivity constraint versus intention inword learning: Based on Korean data
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초록
본 연구에서는 어휘적 제약인 상호배타성 가정과 화용적으로 사용되는 의도의 역할을 한국어 단어의미추론에서 밝혀 보고자 세 개의 실험을 실시하였다. 각 실험에서는 의도 없는 조건, 분명한 의도조건, 애매한 의도 조건에서 아동의 반응을 비교하였다. 각 실험은 지시되는 대상이 인공물(실험1), 동물(실험2), 사람(실험3)이란 점에서 구별되고 다른 실험 절차는 동일하였다. 세 개의 실험 결과를 요약하면, 의도 없는 조건에서 아동들은 상호배타성 제약을 준수하였지만 분명한 의도가 있었을 때에는 상호배타성 제약을 무시하고 의도에 근거하여 단어의미를 추론하는 경향을 보여주었다. 사람 자극이 사용된 의도 조건에서 새로운 이름에 대해 이름 붙여진 친숙한 자극만을 선택한 비율이 높았는데 이것은 사람이 의도성을 가진다는 특성을 고려하여 고유명사로 이해한 결과로 해석할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 결과들은 상호배타성 제약이 의도와 같은 화용적 단서에 의해 적용이 보류될 수는 있지만, Bloom 등의 주장처럼 화용적 제약으로 환원된다고 보기는 어렵다는 것을 보여준다. 또한 지시되는 대상이 의도성을 가지고 있느냐에 따라 상호배타성이 극복되는 방식이 다르다는 점은 이러한 어휘적 제약이 마음이론과 상호 작용할 가능성을 시사해준다.
Abstract
This study purposed to examine the role of mutual exclusivity constraint versus pragmatic intention in inferring the meaning of Korean words. Three experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 addressed the issue by using the pictures of artifacts. Forty eight children whose age ranges from 3;0 to 3;11(M=3;7) were equally allocated to three conditions, i. e., an unintended condition, an explicitly intended condition, and an implicitly intended condition. The results showed that the mutual exclusivity of object labels were preserved in the unintended condition, while being overridden by the pragmatic intention in the explicitly intended condition. The procedure of experiment 2 was the same as that of experiment 1, except using the pictures of animals. Forty eight children whose age ranges from 2;11 to 4;0 (M=3;7) participated. The results replicated the findings of experiment 1 with respect to the role of mutual exclusivity vs. intention in word learning. In addition, children showed the tendency of understanding the novel words as category names in the explicitly intended condition. The procedure of experiment 3 was the same as that of the previous experiments, except using the pictures of human beings. Forty eight children whose age ranges from 3;0 to 4;1 (M=3;8) participated. The results in general replicated the previous findings with respect to the role of mutual exclusivity vs. intention in word learning. In addition, children showed the tendency of understanding the novel word as a proper name in the explicitly intended condition. Summing up, the mutual exclusivity constraint could play a role in Korean word learning, but it could be overcome when being faced with the conflicted pragmatic intention. Moreover, children might treat a novel word as a proper name so as to override the mutual exclusivity of objects when they were attributed to intentionality.
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