A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Phonemic Awareness Instruction between L1 and L2 Learners of English Reading Development (K-6)
1
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This study examines the effectiveness of phonemic awareness (PA) instruction for Korean EFL students and native English speakers at the primary level. A meta-analysis of 44 PA studies showed that the inclusion of PA instruction resulted in significant effect sizes in the students’ reading (.61), spelling (.42), and phonological outcome measures (.73) for both Korean and American groups of students and for the affective domain outcomes (.84) for the Korean students. Moderating variables showed significant results; the strongest reading results (.52) were achieved when phonemic instruction lasted longer than 20 hours, but optimal spelling (.46) and phonological awareness (.80) occurred with 1 to 20 hours of PA instruction. Both Korean kindergarten and native English-speaking students showed the greatest gains in their reading performance compared to their upperclassmen in grades 1 through 6. Specific to Korean students, kindergarteners’ reading was more positively affected (2.27) from PA instruction compared to all other primary grades. Similar to the mixed group with 5 to 10 hours of PA instruction, Korean students experienced high affective domain measures (1.48) and spelling outcome (.37). Greater than 20 hours of PA instruction for reading (1.74) was significant. The conclusion was that PA instruction has a significant effect on developing Korean students’ English reading abilities.
Abstract
This study examines the effectiveness of phonemic awareness (PA) instruction for Korean EFL students and native English speakers at the primary level. A meta-analysis of 44 PA studies showed that the inclusion of PA instruction resulted in significant effect sizes in the students’ reading (.61), spelling (.42), and phonological outcome measures (.73) for both Korean and American groups of students and for the affective domain outcomes (.84) for the Korean students. Moderating variables showed significant results; the strongest reading results (.52) were achieved when phonemic instruction lasted longer than 20 hours, but optimal spelling (.46) and phonological awareness (.80) occurred with 1 to 20 hours of PA instruction. Both Korean kindergarten and native English-speaking students showed the greatest gains in their reading performance compared to their upperclassmen in grades 1 through 6. Specific to Korean students, kindergarteners’ reading was more positively affected (2.27) from PA instruction compared to all other primary grades. Similar to the mixed group with 5 to 10 hours of PA instruction, Korean students experienced high affective domain measures (1.48) and spelling outcome (.37). Greater than 20 hours of PA instruction for reading (1.74) was significant. The conclusion was that PA instruction has a significant effect on developing Korean students’ English reading abilities.
참고문헌 (60)
- An,S.E, "A study on the effect of training phonological awareness on English learners with special reference to sub-syllabic structure and cross-language transfer", 석사, pp.2009
- Ball, E. W., "Does phoneme awareness training in kindergarten make a difference in early word recognition and developmental spelling", Reading Research Quarterly, 26(1), pp.49~66 (1991)
- Brady, S., "Training phonological awareness: A study with inner-city kindergarten children", Annals of dyslexia, 44(1), pp.26~59 (1994)
- Brennan, F., "Training phonological awareness: A study to evaluate the effects of a program of metalinguistic games in kindergarten", Reading and Writing, 9(4), pp.241~263 (1997)
- Brian, B., "Effects of preschool phoneme identity training after six years: Outcome level distinguished from rate of response", Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(4), pp.659~ (2000)
- Byrne, B., "Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children", Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(4), pp.451~455 (1991)
- Byrne, B., "Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children: A 1-year follow-up", Journal of Educational Psychology, 85(1), pp.104~111 (1993)
- Byrne, B., "Evaluation of a program to teach phonemic awareness to young children: A 2-and 3-year follow-up and a new preschool trial", Journal of Educational Psychology, 87(3), pp.488~503 (1995)
- Castle, J., "Getting off to a better start in reading and spelling: The effects of phonemic awareness instruction within a whole language program", Journal of Educational Psychology, 86(3), pp.350~359 (1994)
- Choi,H.D, "A study on the relationship of phonemic awareness and the literacy of preschoolers", 석사, pp.2006
- Cohen,J, "Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.)" (1998), Erlbaum
- Cooper, H., "The handbook of research synthesis" (1994), Russell Sage Foundation
- Cummins, J, "Reading and the bilingual student: Fact and friction, In English learners: Reaching the highest level of English literacy", pp.2~33 (2003), International Reading Association
- Davidson, M., "Effects of phonemic processes on word reading and spelling", Journal of Educational Research, 87, pp.148~157 (1994)
- Ehri, L. C., "Phonemic awareness instruction helps children learn to read: Evidence from the National Reading Panel's meta-analysis", Reading Research Quarterly, 36(3), pp.250~287 (2001)
- Elbro, C., "Long-term effects of phoneme awareness and letter sound training: An intervention study with children at risk for dyslexia", Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, pp.660~670 (2004)
- Eltrich,M.A, "Effects of a phonemic awareness program on kindergartners", 석사, pp.2002
- Foorman, B. R., "The necessity of the alphabetic principle to phonemic awareness instruction", Reading and Writing, 16(4), pp.289~324 (2003)
- Good, R. H., "DIBELS Oral Reading Fluency, In Dynamic indicators of basic early literacy skills (6th ed.)" (2002), Institute for the Development of Educational Achievement
- Gross,J, "Preventing reading difficulties: Rhyme and alliteration in the real world", Educational Psychology in Practice, 9(4), pp.235~240 (1994)
- Hatcher, P. J., "Ameliorating early reading failure by integrating the teaching of reading and phonological skills: The phonological linkage hypothesis", Child Development, 65(1), pp.41~57 (1994)
- Hagans-Murillo,K.S, "phonological awareness instruction on socioeconomic status differences in the acquisition of early literacy and reading skills in first graders from low socioeconomic settings", 박사, pp.2000
- Hecht, S., "Emergent literacy skills and training time uniquely predict variability in responses to phonemic awareness training in disadvantaged kindergartners", Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 82(2), pp.93~115 (2002)
- Hong,S.Y, "The effect of using the native language on 4 years old children’s phonological awareness", 석사, pp.2009
- Iversen, S., "Phonological processing skills and the reading recovery program", Journal of Educational Psychology, 85(1), pp.112~126 (1993)
- Jang,S.H, "A study of the relationship between phonological awareness and early developmental English literacy of elementary school learners", 석사, pp.2009
- Jung,E.S, "The effects of phonemic awareness instruction for emergent students on their reading ability and affective domain", 석사, pp.2007
- Kelly,C.C, "The effect of a phonemic awareness curriculum on the acquisition of early reading skills", 박사, pp.2004
- Krashen,S, "Training in phonemic awareness: Greater on tests of phonemic awareness", Perceptual and motor skills, 89(2), pp.412~416 (1999)
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, "Foreign languages curriculum I", Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, ~ (2009)
- Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction (Report of the National Reading Panel), "National Institute of Child Health and Human Development", U.S. Government Printing Office, ~ (2000)
- O' Connor, R, "Ladders to literacy: The effects of teacher-led phonological activities for kindergarten children with and without disabilities", Exceptional Children, 63(1), pp.117~130 (1996)
- O' Connor, R., "First-grade effects of teacher-led phonological activities in kindergarten for children with mild disabilities: A follow-up study", Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 13(1), pp.43~52 (1998)
- Park,J.Y, "The effect of phonological awareness instruction for decoding and spelling on Kindergarteners", 석사, pp.2009
- 박미애, "Phonological Awareness and Word Reading in an EFLContext: Phoneme-based vs. Onset", Rime-based Method, 2005, pp.11(1), 267~293[DOI]
- Putman,L.L, "A study to examine the effects of emphasizing phoneme-grapheme correspondence and de-emphasizing letter names on early literacy skills in kindergarten children", 박사, pp.2005
- Ryu,S.M, "The effects of phonemic awareness instruction using English story books on elementary students' listening and reading ability, their affective domains", 석사, pp.2009
- Seo,M.Y, "The effect of guided reading instruction on kindergarteners' reading ability", 석사, pp.2009
- Seo,Y.H, "The effects of alphabetic with phonemic awareness instruction of initial reading ability and affective domain", 석사, pp.2008
- Shadish, W. R., "The handbook of research synthesis" (1994), Russell Sage Foundation
- Shim,Y.M, "The effectiveness of phonemic awareness instruction on differentiated English language level learner’s writing ability in elementary school", 석사, pp.2009
- Stanovich, K. E, "Refining the phonological core deficit model", Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review, 1, pp.17~21 (1998)
- Tangel, D., "Effect of phoneme awareness instruction on kindergarten children's invented spelling", Journal of Reading Behavior, 24, pp.233~262 (1992)
- Tangel, D., "Effect of phoneme awareness instruction on the invented spelling of first-grade children: A one-year follow-up", Journal of Reading Behavior, 27(2), pp.153~185 (1995)
- Torgesen, J., "Effects of two types of phonological awareness training on word learning in kindergarten children", Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), pp.364~370 (1992)
- Uhry, J. K., "Segmentation", spelling instruction as part of a first- grade reading program: Effects on several measures of reading, 1993, pp.28(3), 219~233
- Ukrainetz, T., "An investigation of treatment scheduling for phonemic awareness with kindergartners who are at risk for reading difficulties", Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools, 40(1), pp.86~100 (2009)
- Vadasy, P., "The effectiveness of one-to-one tutoring by community tutors for at-risk beginning readers", Learning Disability Quarterly, 20(2), pp.126~139 (1997)
- Vadasy, P., "Community-based early reading intervention for at-risk first graders", Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 12(1), pp.29~39 (1997)
- Vaughn, S., "Effectiveness of Spanish intervention for first-grade English language learners at risk for reading difficulties", Journal of Learning Disabilities, 39(1), pp.56~73 (2006)
- Vaughn, S., "Effectiveness of an English intervention for first-grade English language learners at risk for reading problems", The Elementary School Journal, 107(2), pp.153~180 (2006)
- Wagner, R. K., "Comprehensive test of phonological processing" (1999), PRO-ED
- 이경랑, "Korean-English biliteracy acquisition: Cross-language phonological and orthographic transfer", JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY, 98(1), pp.148~158 (2006), AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC[DOI]
- Warrick, N., "Phoneme awareness in language-delayed children: Comparative studies and intervention", Annals of Dyslexia, 43(1), pp.153~173 (1993)
- Bursuck, W., "Evaluating the impact of a prevention-based model of reading on children who are at risk", Remedial and Special Education, 25(5), pp.303~313 (2004)
- Wise, B., "Training phonological awareness with and without explicit attention to articulation", Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 72(4), pp.271~304 (1999)
- Wise, B., "Individual differences in gains from computer-assisted remedial reading", Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 77(3), pp.197~235 (2000)
- Yeh,S, "An evaluation of two approaches for teaching phonemic awareness to children in Head Start", Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 18(4), pp.513~529 (2003)
- Yeh, S., "Effects of rhyming, vocabulary and phonemic awareness instruction on phoneme awareness", Journal of Research in Reading, 31(2), pp.243~256 (2008)
- Yopp,H.K, "Developing phonemic awareness in young children", The Reading Teacher, 45, pp.696~703 (1992)
