틀린 믿음, 초기 마음이론, 가장놀이, 실행 기능간의 관계에 대한 단기 종단 연구
A Longitudinal Study on Relationships among False Belief, Early Theory of Mind, Pretend Play, and Executive Function
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본 연구는 초기의 마음이론이라고 주장되는 조망, ‘보는 것이 아는 것’임을 아는 능력, 바람에 기초한 정서 판단, 가장놀이와 실행기능이 틀린 믿음과 어떤 관계에 있는지를 1년 4개월간의 시차를 두어 종단적으로 검증한 연구이다. 연구의 대상은 29개월에서 39개월 사이의 아동 36명이었고 이들에게 1차로 가장놀이 관찰과 초기 마음이론 과제를 실시하였고 1년 후에 실행기능과제를 실시하였으며 4개월 후에 다시 가장놀이 관찰과 틀린 믿음과제를 실시하였다. 상호 상관과 중다회귀분석 결과에 의하면 29개월에서 39개월 사이 아동의 가장놀이가 다른 어떤 변인보다 1년 4개월 후의 틀린 믿음을 잘 예측하는 변인으로 나타났고 초기의 마음이론 과제들은 실행기능과는 유의미한 상관이 나타났으나 틀린 믿음과의 상관은 유의미하지 않았다. 또 실행기능은 틀린 믿음의 예측 변인으로 유의하였다. 이러한 결과는 초기 마음이론, 가장놀이, 실행기능, 틀린 믿음이 서로 영향을 주고받으며 발달하는 마음이론이라는 구인으로 연결되는 변인임을 시사한다고 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study aims to examine longitudinally the relationships among false belief, early theory of mind, pretend play, and executive function, The subjects were 36 children(mean age: 34.58 months at the beginning) who were measured early theory of mind and pretend play at time 1(29-39 months), executive function at time 2(41-51months) and false belief and pretend play at time3(45-55 months). According to the results of partial correlations controlled age and PPVT and multiple regression analysis, the most important predictors for the false belief were decontextualization level 2 and 5 of pretend play at the time 1. Pretend play at time 3 was not correlated with the false belief. The early theory of mind tasks were correlated with executive function, but not with false belief. Pretend play at both time1 and time3 was not correlated with executive function. These results suggest that pretend play at young age would facilitate development of meta-representational theory of mind later.
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