의사소통 조망수용, 틀린 믿음, 실행기능 간의 관계에 대한 종단연구
The longitudinal study for the relations among communicative perspective-taking, false belief, and executive function
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본 연구에서는 의사소통 조망수용의 발달적 변화를 살펴보고, 의사소통 조망수용의 발달이 틀린 믿음과 실행기능으로 예측되는지를 살펴보았다. 4세 아동 54명을 대상으로 의사소통 조망수용, 틀린 믿음, 실행기능(억제통제, 작업기억, 주의전환)을 측정하고, 그 후 6개월 간격으로 3번 반복 측정하였다. 그 결과 아동들은 초기에는 의사소통 조망수용에서 자기중심적 편향성을 보였지만 연령이 증가함에 따라 이러한 편향성이 감소하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 의사소통 조망수용, 틀린 믿음, 실행기능 간의 관계에서 보면, 일부 실행기능 하위능력들은 의사소통 조망수용과 유의한 상관을 보인 반면에 틀린 믿음은 의사소통 조망수용과 유의한 상관을 보이지 않았다. 의사소통 조망수용에 대한 예측변인을 알아보기 위해 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 작업기억만이 의사소통 조망수용을 예측해 주는 유일한 변인이었다. 이러한 결과는 정보에 대해 정신적 조작을 가할 수 있는 능력이 뛰어날수록 의사소통 상황에서 상대방의 관점에서 언어를 이해하는 능력이 뛰어날 가능성을 시사해준다.
Abstract
The study examined the relations among communicative perspective-taking, false belief, and executive function from the developmental point of view. Fifty-four children participated in the study, whose ages ranged from 46 months to 56 months at the beginning of the study. The children were tested 3 times at intervals of six-months. The eye movements(i. e., the fixation time on the target objects or egocentric objects) were measured for the communicative perspective-taking tasks which were composed of the common-ground and the privileged-ground conditions. Inhibitory control(flag task), working memory(backward-word task), and attention switching(card-sorting task) were also measured for the executive functions. The understanding of false belief was also measured. The results indicated that the egocentric perspectives were predominant at the beginning stage, but significantly decreased as the age level went up. As for the relations among communicative perspective-taking, false belief, and executive function, communicative perspective-taking was not correlated with the false belief understanding, but with working memory. Working memory was the only variable that predicted communicative perspective-taking.
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