본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

코퍼스 언어학의 과제와 전망

Challenges and prospects of corpus linguistics

김성식
팬코리아영어교육학회 (Pan-Korea English Teachers Association)|2018.03|영어교육연구 (English Language Teaching)|제30권 제1호|pp. 47-71|DOI 10.17936/pkelt.2018.30.1.003

1

조회

0

다운로드

2

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

과제신뢰성reliabilityauthenticity실제성대표성representativeness코퍼스 언어학corpus linguisticschallenges
주제분류영어와문학

초록

The study identifies primary challenges of corpus linguistics in six areas: representativeness, spoken corpus, software tool, analysis, annotation, and language teaching. The discussedchallenges are as follows. (1) Designing a corpus needs a cyclical process to make sure it to be saturated enough to represent its population. (2) Unsatisfactory reflection of authenticity in spoken corpora is mainly resulted from the fact that their contextual information is not possible to be fully encoded. (3) Compatibility and capability of the software tools are in need of improvement for easier access ability. (4) Analyzed results do not guarantee reliability without rigorous sampling procedures. (5) The extent of automatization of annotation process is acritical condition for practicability of corpus-based language studies. (6) Corpora are not authentic enough for language learners to take them as a model and often too huge and complicated for teachers to discern appropriate examples for educational purposes. Despite of the discussed limitations, corpus analyses have informed us of typical patterns of language uses which are otherwise unattainable only with our intuitions. Basic understanding on software tools as well as constructing or discerning reliable corpora are required to overcome these weaknesses.

Abstract

The study identifies primary challenges of corpus linguistics in six areas: representativeness, spoken corpus, software tool, analysis, annotation, and language teaching. The discussedchallenges are as follows. (1) Designing a corpus needs a cyclical process to make sure it to be saturated enough to represent its population. (2) Unsatisfactory reflection of authenticity in spoken corpora is mainly resulted from the fact that their contextual information is not possible to be fully encoded. (3) Compatibility and capability of the software tools are in need of improvement for easier access ability. (4) Analyzed results do not guarantee reliability without rigorous sampling procedures. (5) The extent of automatization of annotation process is a critical condition for practicability of corpus-based language studies. (6) Corpora are not authentic enough for language learners to take them as a model and often too huge and complicated for teachers to discern appropriate examples for educational purposes. Despite of the discussed limitations, corpus analyses have informed us of typical patterns of language uses which are otherwise unattainable only with our intuitions. Basic understanding on software tools as well as constructing or discerning reliable corpora are required to overcome these weaknesses.

참고문헌 (77)

  1. 고광윤, "코퍼스 기반 어휘 분석 유감", 언어학, 19(1), pp.41~60 (2011), 대한언어학회[DOI]
  2. 김성식, "코퍼스와 영어교육", 영어교육, 62(2), pp.281~307 (2007), 한국영어교육학회[DOI]
  3. Aijmer, K., "Corpora and language teaching", pp.1~10 (2009), John Benjamins
  4. Andersen, G., "The Routledge handbook of corpus linguistics", pp.547~562 (2010), Routledge
  5. Andor, J., "The master and his performance: An interview with Noam Chomsky", Journal of Intercultural Pragmatics, 1(1), pp.93~111 (2004)
  6. Laurence Anthony, "A critical look at software tools in corpus linguistics", 언어연구, 30(2), pp.141~161 (2013), 언어정보연구소[DOI]
  7. Aronoff, M., "Orthography and linguistic theory", Language, 61, pp.28~72 (1984)
  8. Aston, G., "Learning comity: An approach to the description and pedagogy of interactional speech" (1988), Cooperativea Libraria Universitaria Editrice
  9. Aston, G., "Teaching and language corpora", pp.51~64 (1997), Addison Wesley Longman
  10. Barnbrook, G., "Language and computers: A practical introduction to the computer analysis of language" (1996), Edinburgh University Press
  11. Bernardini, S., "How to use corpora in language teaching", pp.15~36 (2004), John Benjamins
  12. Biber, D., "Representativeness in corpus design", Literary and Linguistic Computing, 8(4), pp.243~257 (1993)
  13. Bloomfield, L., "Language" (1933), Holt, Rinehart and Winston
  14. Bongers, H., "The history and principles of vocabulary control" (1947), Wocopi
  15. Braun, S., "From pedagogically relevant corpora to authentic language learning contents", ReCALL, 17(1), pp.47~64 (2005)
  16. Braun, S., "Integrating corpus work into secondary education: From data-driven learning to needs-driven corpora", ReCALL, 19(3), pp.307~328 (2007)
  17. Carter, R., "Correspondence", ELT Journal, 50(4), pp.369~371 (1996)
  18. Carter, R., "Orders of reality: CANCODE, communication, and culture", ELT Journal, 52(1), pp.43~56 (1998)
  19. Carter, R., "Reply to Guy Cook", ELT Journal, 52(1), pp.64~ (1998)
  20. Chomsky, N., "Syntactic structures" (1957), Mouton
  21. Chomsky, N., "Paper given at the 3rd Texas conference on problems of linguistic analysis in English" (1962), University of Texas
  22. Conrad, S., "How to use corpora in language teaching", pp.67~85 (2004), John Benjamins
  23. Cook, G., "The uses of reality: A reply to Ronald Carter", ELT Journal, 52(1), pp.57~63 (1998)
  24. Creer, S., "Processing spoken language data: The BASE experience", Paper presented at the LREC 2004 international conference, Workshop on compiling and processing spoken language corpora (2004)
  25. Danielsson, P., "How to use corpora in language teaching", pp.225~246 (2004), John Benjamins
  26. Deemter, K., "On coreferring: Coreference in MUC and related annotation schemes", Computational Linguistics, 26(4), pp.629~637 (2000)
  27. Fillmore, J., "Radical pragmatics", pp.143~166 (1981), Academic Press
  28. Fries, C., "The structure of English: An introduction to the construction of sentences" (1952), Harcourt-Brace
  29. Friginal, E., "Corpus-based sociolinguistics" (2013), Taylor and Francis
  30. Gavioli, L., "Enriching reality: Language corpora in language pedagogy", ELT Journal, 55(3), pp.238~246 (2001)
  31. Gavioli, L., "Teaching and language corpora", pp.83~99 (1997), Addison Wesley Longman
  32. Gries, S., "Exploring variability within and between corpora", Corpora: Some methodological considerations, 1(2), pp.109~151 (2006)
  33. Hall, A., "Introductory linguistics" (1964), Chilton Books
  34. Hunston, S., "Corpus linguistics" (2000), University of Birmingham
  35. Hunston, S., "Corpora in applied linguistics" (2010), Cambridge University Press
  36. Hutchinson, T., "English for specific purposes: A learning-centered approach" (2006), Cambridge University Press
  37. Jespersen, O., "Analytic syntax" (1937), George Allen & Unwin
  38. Johns, T., "Should you be persuaded: Two samples of data-driven learning materials", ELR Journal, 4, pp.1~16 (1991)
  39. Kaltenbock, G., "Computer corpora and the language classroom: On the potential and limitations of computer corpora in language teaching", ReCALL, 17(1), pp.65~84 (2005)
  40. Kay, P., "Words and the grammar of context" (1997), Center for the Study of Language and Information
  41. Kelly, K., "The inevitable" (2016), Penguin Books
  42. Kruisinga, E., "A handbook of present-day English" (1931), P. Noordhoff
  43. 이신웅, "Challenges of Using Corpora in Language Teaching and Learning: Implications for Secondary Education", 언어연구, 28(1), pp.159~178 (2011), 언어정보연구소[DOI]
  44. Leech, G., "English corpus linguistics: Studies in honour of Jan Svartvik", pp.8~29 (1991), Longman
  45. Lorge, I., "A semantic count of the 570 commonest English words" (1949), Columbia University Press
  46. Mauranen, A., "Corpora and language learners", pp.197~213 (2004), John Benjamins
  47. McCarthy, D., "Manual of child psychology", pp.492~630 (1954), Wiley
  48. McCarthy, M., "Spoken grammar: What is it and how do we teach it?", ELT Journal, 49(3), pp.207~218 (1995)
  49. McEnery, T., "Corpus linguistics: An introduction" (2001), Edinburgh University Press
  50. McEnery, T., "Corpus-based language studies" (2006), Routledge
  51. McIntyre, D., "The construction of a corpus to investigate the presentation of speech, thought and writing in written and spoken British English", Proceedings of the corpus linguistics 2003 conference, pp.513~523 (2003), Lancaster University
  52. Meunier, F., "Learner English on computer", pp.19~38 (2014), Routledge
  53. Mey, J., "Pragmatic gardens and their magic", Poetics, 20, pp.233~245 (1991)
  54. Mukherjee, J., "Planning, gluing, and painting corpora", pp.205~232 (2006), Peter Lang
  55. O’Keefee, A., "From corpus to classroom: Language use and language teaching" (2007), Cambridge University Press
  56. Ogrodniczuk, M., "Computational linguistics and intelligent text processing", pp.394~407 (2013), Springer
  57. Palmer, H., "Second interim report on English collocations" (1993), Institute for Research in English Teaching
  58. Postal, P., "Linguistic science and logic", Language, 43, pp.84~93 (1966)
  59. Preyer, W., "The mind of a child" (1889), Appleton
  60. Prodromou, L., "Correspondence", ELT Journal, 50(4), pp.371~373 (1996)
  61. Prodromou, L., "Idiomaticity and the non-native speaker", English Today, 19(2), pp.42~48 (2003)
  62. Reed, A., "CLOC" (1978), University of Birmingham
  63. Rühlemann, C., "Corpus pragmatics", pp.1~28 (2014), Cambridge University Press
  64. Schlüter, N., "How reliable are the results?", Zeitschriftfür Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 54(2), pp.135~148 (2006)
  65. Seidlhofer, B., "Computer learner corpora, second language acquisition and foreign language teaching", pp.214~234 (2002), John Benjamins
  66. Short, M., "English via various media", pp.39~66 (1999), Universitatsverlag C
  67. Sinclair, J., "How to use corpora in language teaching" (2004), John Benjamins Publishing Company
  68. Smith, P., "The state of the ICRH concordance generator", ICRH Newsletter, 4(5), pp.1~4 (1969)
  69. Stern, W., "Psychology of early childhood up to six years of age" (1924), Holt
  70. Stubbs, M., "Society, education and language: The last 2,000 (and the next 20?) years of language teaching", Plenary lecture given at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the British Association for Applied Linguistics (1999), University of Edinburgh
  71. Stubbs, M., "Texts, corpora, and problems of interpretation: A response to Widdowson", Applied Linguistics, 22(2), pp.149~172 (2001)
  72. Thorndike, E., "A teacher’s wordbook" (1921), Columbia Teachers College
  73. Tribble, S., "Small corpus studies and ELT: Theory and practice", pp.381~408 (2001), John Benjamins
  74. Widdowson, H., "Teaching language as communication" (1978), Oxford University Press
  75. Widdowson, H., "The limitations of linguistics applied", Applied Linguistics, 21(1), pp.3~25 (2000)
  76. "Providence Athenaeum" (2017)[URL]
  77. Xiao, R., "How can corpora help in language pedagogy?", Paper presented at the Postgraduate Conference in Applied Linguistics (2009)

관련 논문AI추천

Challenges of Using Corpora in Language Teaching and Learning: Implications for Secondary Education이신웅한국현대언어학회 · 언어연구2011 · 제28권 제1호코퍼스 기반 어휘 분석 유감고광윤사단법인 한국언어학회 · 언어학2011 · 제19권 제1호코퍼스 언어학과 영어교육 패러다임의 전환박광현인문과학연구소 · 인문과학연구논총2015 · 제36권 제3호코퍼스기반 영어교육 연구 현황최재호한국영어학학회 · 영어학연구2023 · 제29권 제1호영어교육에 게재된 코퍼스 기반 연구 분석: 학습자 코퍼스와 응용코퍼스 언어학 연구를 중심으로이은주한국영어교육학회 · 영어교육2015 · 제70권 코퍼스와 코퍼스 분석도구의 교육적 활용천승미담화·인지언어학회 · 담화와 인지2023 · 제30권 제1호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (3건)

Learners’ Resistance to Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL)정희정pp. 1-18Evaluation on Self-directed Learning Activities by a Low Level of Korean EFL Learners고현숙pp. 19-46해외연수에서 언어 진정성 협상하기: 한국 어학연수생 문화기술지장인철pp. 72-96
원문 보기