Cultural Identity and Otherness: Shaw’s John Bull’s Other Island and Friel’s Translations
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This paper examines how George Bernard Shaw’s John Bull’s Other Island (1904) and Brian Friel’s Translations (1981), two Irish plays sharing a refusal to make an idealistic approach to the Irish/English conflict, are concerned with otherness in their attempts to seek an alternative perspective on the Irish colonial condition and to suggest a direction for redefining or reinventing a new Irish identity. Shaw employs prevailing national stereotypes only to expose the fictional nature of the so-called essential characters of the English and the Irish “races.” The play shows how the element of otherness as repressed or lacking in either side is displaced in the act of establishing national or cultural identities. Shaw also addresses the question of language as arbitrary signs with a critical eye on the cultural struggles to reappropriate the un-essentialized national terms. Friel’s play further explores the complex implications of a process of cultural translation in post-colonial Ireland by tracing back to the historical moment of the 1830s when an English military mapping enterprise is launched. Friel made this particular moment coincide with the establishment of the National Education System by which Gaelic as an educative tool and means of communication was to be eliminated. Inquiring into the problem of involuntary cultural translation, the play distances itself from a narrowly nationalist attitude toward language and culture by showing the mummified state of Gaelic culture. While the process of replacing the Irish local place-names with English ones is a tragic one, Friel turns attention to the internal need for cultural reinterpretation and renewal.
Abstract
This paper examines how George Bernard Shaw’s John Bull’s Other Island (1904) and Brian Friel’s Translations (1981), two Irish plays sharing a refusal to make an idealistic approach to the Irish/English conflict, are concerned with otherness in their attempts to seek an alternative perspective on the Irish colonial condition and to suggest a direction for redefining or reinventing a new Irish identity. Shaw employs prevailing national stereotypes only to expose the fictional nature of the so-called essential characters of the English and the Irish “races.” The play shows how the element of otherness as repressed or lacking in either side is displaced in the act of establishing national or cultural identities. Shaw also addresses the question of language as arbitrary signs with a critical eye on the cultural struggles to reappropriate the un-essentialized national terms. Friel’s play further explores the complex implications of a process of cultural translation in post-colonial Ireland by tracing back to the historical moment of the 1830s when an English military mapping enterprise is launched. Friel made this particular moment coincide with the establishment of the National Education System by which Gaelic as an educative tool and means of communication was to be eliminated. Inquiring into the problem of involuntary cultural translation, the play distances itself from a narrowly nationalist attitude toward language and culture by showing the mummified state of Gaelic culture. While the process of replacing the Irish local place-names with English ones is a tragic one, Friel turns attention to the internal need for cultural reinterpretation and renewal.
참고문헌 (19)
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