Iconicity in English Noun Phrases
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Building on the claim made by cognitive-functional grammarians such as Haiman (1983, 1985, 1994), Langacker (1991), and Croft (2004), this paper aims to investigate the correspondence between linguistic distance and conceptual distance in English NPs with focus on the optionality of the article in quasi-locatives, the order of modifiers, and the formation of compounds. It argues that the iconicity of distance is at work in the NPs by making three proposals: (ⅰ) a (verb +) preposition is linguistically closer to nouns of institution when no article is between them, and their conceptual distance is also closer; (ⅱ) the more intrinsic properties of the head noun modifiers represent, the closer they are placed to the head; (ⅲ) as the meanings of the components in nominal compounds become more integrated or fused, the linguistic distance between them tends to be shorter. It is also suggested that linguistic distance can be measured in terms of the time of intervals and sisterhood relationship in the hierarchical structure in addition to the morpheme or word boundary.
Abstract
Building on the claim made by cognitive-functional grammarians such as Haiman (1983, 1985, 1994), Langacker (1991), and Croft (2004), this paper aims to investigate the correspondence between linguistic distance and conceptual distance in English NPs with focus on the optionality of the article in quasi-locatives, the order of modifiers, and the formation of compounds. It argues that the iconicity of distance is at work in the NPs by making three proposals: (ⅰ) a (verb +) preposition is linguistically closer to nouns of institution when no article is between them, and their conceptual distance is also closer; (ⅱ) the more intrinsic properties of the head noun modifiers represent, the closer they are placed to the head; (ⅲ) as the meanings of the components in nominal compounds become more integrated or fused, the linguistic distance between them tends to be shorter. It is also suggested that linguistic distance can be measured in terms of the time of intervals and sisterhood relationship in the hierarchical structure in addition to the morpheme or word boundary.
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