기질적 정서표현성의 안정성과 어머니의 정서표현성이 아동의 정서표현성에 미치는 영향에 대한 단기 종단 연구
A Longitudinal Study of Continuities and Changes in Emotional Expressiveness, and Mothers' Influence on Children's Expressiveness
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본 연구는 종단연구를 통해 아동의 정서표현성이 발달적으로 안정적인 속성인지, 또한 어머니의 정서표현성이 아동의 정서표현성에 미치는 영향이 어떠한지 알아보려 하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 만 5세와 6세에 수행된 종단연구에 참여한 62명의 아동과 어머니였다. 아동과 어머니는 자유놀이와 모자 상호작용, 그리고 과제 수행 상황에서 관찰되었다. 1차년도와 2차년도의 관찰 상황은 거의 유사하였으며 관찰실에서 녹화된 행동은 정적 정서표현성과 부적 정서표현성으로 나누어 두 명의 코더가 평정하였다. 2차년도에는 어머니의 통제적 양육행동 또한 평정되었으며 변인들 간의 관계를 알아보기 위해 상관분석과 경로분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 1, 2차 아동의 부적 정서표현성 간에 관련성이 있었으며 어머니의 정서표현성 간에도 관련성이 있어 정서표현성이 종단적으로 안정된 특성임을 제시하였다. 또한 어머니의 정서표현성이 아동의 정서표현성에 미치는 직접적 경로가 정적 정서와 부적 정서에서 모두 나타났으며 특히 어머니의 통제적 양육행동은 어머니의 부적 정서표현성과 아동의 부적 정서표현성을 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 경로는 기질의 안정성과 모자간의 정서적 사회화 측면에서 논의되었다.
Abstract
This study examined continuities and changes in children's and mothers' emotional expressiveness. Maternal influence on children's expressiveness, and mediation effect of mothers' overcontorolling behaviors were also examined. Sixty two children and their mothers were observed in a free play, a mother-child interaction, and a task settings at their age 5(time1) and 6(time2). Children's and mothers' behaviors were videotaped and rated by two coders in terms of positive and negative expressiveness. Results showed that children's negative expressivness at time 1 was significantly related to those at time 2. Mother expressiveness at time 1 and time 2 was also correlated with each of emotions. In addition, mothers' positive expressiveness directly affected children's positive expressiveness, but mothers' negative expressiveness was not directly associated with children's negative expressiveness. Rather, mothers' overcontrolling behavior mediated the relations between mothers and children's negative expressiveness. Discussion included continuities in emotional temperament and the paths of socialization of emotion by mothers through modeling and direct reactions.
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