언어에 의한 수행경험의 이론화 ―유식불교『 섭대승론(攝大乘論)』과 후기비트겐슈타인 이론을 중심으로

Abstract

This article attempts to clarify the ground on which the experience of an individual practitioner, which was seemed to be subjective, was expressed by language and became to be a systemic Yogācāra theory. For this, I analyzed post-Wittgenstein theory and applied it to Yogācāra theory. Post-Wittgenstein theory shows that when personal object is expressed by the language that is compatible with the rules of community, it becomes a public one. I concluded that when the contents, which are observed during the state of samadhi , are rendered into the letter which is consistent with the rules of community, they become to be public objects. I　also showed that the contents observed through practices became to be systemic theories by the action of common discrimination. In such a perspective, I clarified a point of commonness and difference between an ordinary person and bodhisattva by analyzing the change of mind. An ordinary person expresses his thought by language as a result of the division of vijñāna by abhilāpavāsanābīja . Bodhisattva also expresses his experience to other peoples by language. But the division of vijñāna of Bodhisattva is qualitatively different from that of an ordinary person in that acquiring the Hudugji (後得智, meaning wisdom attained later on), Bodhisattva awakes and recognizes the contents observed during the state of Mubunbyeolji (無分別智,meaning wisdom of nondiscrimination). Finally I clarified that there is similarity between an ordinary person and bodhisattva in that their cognitive processes are formed by the active division of vijñāna . But there is also a difference between them in that the division of vijñāna of an ordinary person results from his desire whereas that of bod hisattva results from his mercy. This phenomenon is a unique aspect of Yogācāra theory, which does not appear in post-Wittgenstein theory.