CAF에 나타난 한국 대학생의 말하기 특징
A study on Korean university students’ English speaking characteristics based on ‘Complexity’, ‘Accuracy’ and ‘Fluency’ and their correlation among three factors to improve English speaking skills of Korean university students
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The purpose of this study is to explore English speaking characteristics of Korean university students as indicators of language ‘Complexity’, ‘Accuracy’ and ‘Fluency’, and to analyze the correlation among the factors to improve English speaking skills of Korean university students. In total, 50 university students participated in the study and carried out the speaking test. The result from t-test revealed that the distinction between the upper and lower English speaking groups, as determined by the overall averages of Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency, was significant. A Pearson analysis showed that ‘Complexity’ had a moderate correlation with both ‘Accuracy’ (.446) and ‘Fluency’ (.430), while ‘Accuracy’ and ‘Fluency’ has low correlation (.398). There were also statistical differences between the upper and lower groups in the degree of influence of each factor, ‘Complexity’, ‘Accuracy’, ‘Fluency’. Based on ‘Complexity’, ‘Complexity’ was highly correlated (.734) and relatively highly correlated (.506) with ‘Accuracy’ in the upper and lower groups, respectively. Based on ‘Accuracy’, only ‘Accuracy’ and ‘Complexity’ has a moderate correlation in a lower group whereas there is no correlation in ‘Accuracy’, ‘Complexity’, and ‘Fluency’ in the upper group. In the case of ‘Fluency’, there was no correlation with ‘Complexity’, ‘Accuracy’ in either group.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore English speaking characteristics of Korean university students as indicators of language ‘Complexity’, ‘Accuracy’ and ‘Fluency’, and to analyze the correlation among the factors to improve English speaking skills of Korean university students. In total, 50 university students participated in the study and carried out the speaking test. The result from t-test revealed that the distinction between the upper and lower English speaking groups, as determined by the overall averages of Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency, was significant. A Pearson analysis showed that ‘Complexity’ had a moderate correlation with both ‘Accuracy’ (.446) and ‘Fluency’ (.430), while ‘Accuracy’ and ‘Fluency’ has low correlation (.398). There were also statistical differences between the upper and lower groups in the degree of influence of each factor, ‘Complexity’, ‘Accuracy’, ‘Fluency’. Based on ‘Complexity’, ‘Complexity’ was highly correlated (.734) and relatively highly correlated (.506) with ‘Accuracy’ in the upper and lower groups, respectively. Based on ‘Accuracy’, only ‘Accuracy’ and ‘Complexity’ has a moderate correlation in a lower group whereas there is no correlation in ‘Accuracy’, ‘Complexity’, and ‘Fluency’ in the upper group. In the case of ‘Fluency’, there was no correlation with ‘Complexity’, ‘Accuracy’ in either group.
참고문헌 (44)
- 고태연, "고등학생 영어 학습자의 ‘그림 묘사하기’ 발화 분석 : 유창성, 정확성", 석사, pp.2014
- 남주연, "한국어 학습자의 구어 산출에 나타난 통사 복잡성 발달", 한국어교육, 26(1), pp.59~87 (2015), 국제한국어교육학회[DOI]
- 선현명, "전화영어 수업이 한국인 영어 학습자 발화의 복잡성, 정확성, 유창성에 미치는 영향", 언어연구, 34(3), pp.363~376 (2018), 한국현대언어학회[DOI]
- 오미영, "(The)Effect of task variables on adult ESL learners' production : language complexity and accuracy", 석사, 영어학, pp.2009
- 이민선, "과업 복잡성이 텍스트 장르와 조작 차원에 따라 쓰기 수행에 미치는 영향", 석사, pp.2018
- 이복자, "한국어 학습자의 쓰기와 말하기에 나타난 복잡성, 정확성, 유창성의 역동적 발달 연구", 박사, pp.2016
- 주우정, "과업 복잡성이 성인 외국어 학습자의 이야기체 글쓰기에 미치는 영향", 동북아 문화연구, 1(46), pp.139~155 (2016), 동북아시아문화학회[DOI]
- 현세라, "준비시간과 능숙도가 언어수행에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 영어말하기의 정확성(Accuracy), 유창성(Fluency), 복잡성(Complexity)을 중심으로", 석사, 영어학, pp.2008
- Ahangari, S., "The effect of pre-task planning on the accuracy and complexity of Iranian EFL learners’ oral performance", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, ~ (2011)
- Cadierno, T., "Handbook of cognitive linguistics and second language acquisition", pp.239~275 (2008), Routledge
- Creaven, L., "accuracy and fluency measures", The 2017 WEI International Academic Conference Proceedings (2017)
- Crooks, G., "Planning and interlanguage variation", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 11, pp.367~383 (1989)
- Dekeyser, R, "The complexities of defining complexity", Paper presented at AAAL 2008 (2008)
- Hwang, E., "Korean EFL college learners’ linguistic features in narrative and argumentative writings", Ph.D, pp.2012
- Ellis , R., "A theory of instructed second language acquisition" (1994), Academic Press
- Ellis, R, "Task-based language learning and teaching" (2003), Oxford University Press
- Ellis R., "Analysing learner language" (2005), Oxford University Press
- Foster, P., "The influence of planning and task type on second language performance", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18(3), pp.299~323 (1996)
- Foster, P., "Measuring spoken language : A unit for all reasons", Applied Linguistics, 21(3), pp.354~375 (2000)
- Housen, A., "Complexity, accuracy and fluency in second language acquisition", Applied Linguistics, 30(4), pp.461~473 (2009)
- Housen, A., "Investigations in instructed second language acquistion", pp.11~30 (2005), Mouton de Gruyter
- Kormos, J., "Exploring measures and perceptions of fluency in the speech of second language learners", System, 32(2), pp.145~164 (2004)
- Kusyk, M., "The development of complexity, accuracy and fluency in L2 written production through informal participation in online activities", CALICO Journal, 34(1), pp.75~96 (2016)
- Kuiken, F., "Task complexity and measures of linguistic performance in L2 writing", IRAL-International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 45(3), pp.261~284 (2007)
- Lennon, P., "Investigating fluency in EFL : A quantative approach", Language Learning, 40(3), pp.387~417 (1990)
- Larsen-Freeman, D., "The emergence of complexity, fluency, and accuracy in the oral and written production of five Chinese learners of English", Applied linguistics, 27(4), pp.590~619 (2006)
- Larsen-Freeman, D., "Adjusting expectations : The study of complexity, accuracy, and fluency in second language acquisition", Applied Linguistics, 30(4), pp.579~589 (2009)
- Lintunen, P., "Measuring syntactic complexity in spoken and written learner language : Comparing the incomparable", Research in Language, 12(4), pp.377~399 (2014)
- Ortega, L., "Planning and focus on form in L2 oral performance", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21(1), pp.109~148 (1999)
- Ortega, L., "Syntactic complexity measures and their relationship to L2 proficiency : A research synthesis of college-level L2 writing", Applied Linguistics, 24(4), pp.492~518 (2003)
- Norris, J., "Towards an organic approach to investigating CAF in instructed SLA : The case of complexity", Applied Linguistics, 30(4), pp.555~578 (2009)
- Pallotti, G., "CAF : Defining, refining and differentiating constructs", Applied Linguistics, 30(4), pp.590~601 (2009)
- Robinson, P., "Investigating second language task complexity", RELC Journal, 26(2), pp.62~79 (1995)
- Robinson, P., "Task complexity, task difficulty, and task production : Exploring interactions in componential framework", Applied Linguistics, 22(1), pp.27~51 (2001)
- Robinson, P., "Attention and memory during SLA" (2003), Blackwell Publishing Ltd
- Robinson, P., "Task complexity, the cognition hypothesis and second language learning and performance", IRAL-International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 45(3), pp.161~176 (2007)
- Robinson, P., "Time and motion : Measuring the effects of the conceptual demands of tasks on second language speech production", Applied Linguistics, 30(4), pp.533~554 (2009)
- Segalowitz, N., "Perspectives on fluency", pp.200~219 (2000), University of Michigan Press
- Skehan, P., "A Congnitive approach to language learning" (1998), Oxford University Press
- Skehan, P., "Modelling second language performance Integrating complexity, accuracy, fluency, and lexis", Applied Linguistics, 30(4), pp.510~532 (2009)
- Skehan, P., "Dimensions of L2 performance and proficiency: Complexity, accuracy and fluency in SLA", pp.207~226 (2012), John Benjamins Publishing Company
- Tonkyn, A, "Complexity, accuracy and fluency in second language use, learning and teaching", pp.263~284 (2007), Handelingen van de Contactfora
- Second language development in writing: Measures of flunecy, accuracy, and complexity, "Wolfe-Quintero, K.", University of Hawai'i, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center, ~ (1998)
- Yuan, F., "The effects of pre-task planning and on-line Planning on fluency, complexity and accuracy in L2 monologic oral production", Applied Linguistics, 24(1), pp.1~27 (2003)