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미래시간조망 척도의 탐색적 및 확인적 요인분석과 연령 집단 비교

Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Future Time Perspective Scale and Age Difference

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주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 미래시간조망 척도에 대한 탐색적 및 확인적 요인분석을 실시하여 가장 적합한 요인구조를 검증하고자 수행되었다. 또한 확인된 요인을 토대로 미래시간조망 양상의 연령차를 살펴보고자 하였다. 수도권, 대구 및 경북 지역에 거주하는 만 19세 이상 성인 416명을 대상으로 미래시간조망 척도를 실시하였다. 전체 참가자를 무선적으로 두 집단으로 나누어 집단 1에 대한 탐색적 요인분석을 실시한 결과 ‘미래시간조망-기회’와 ‘미래시간조망-제한’의 2요인 구조가 도출되었다. 집단 2를 대상으로 확인적 요인분석을 수행한 결과 본 연구의 2요인 모형이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 두 가지 요인에 대한 연령 집단 비교를 위해 참가자를 청년, 중년 및 노년 집단으로 나누어 각 요인의 평균 점수를 살펴본 결과, 청년 집단은 중노년 집단에 비하여 미래시간조망-기회에서 더 높은 점수를 보인 반면, 미래시간조망-제한에서 더 낮은 점수를 보였다. 이는 청년 집단이 중노년 집단보다 앞으로 더 많은 기회가 남아 있고 미래가 열려 있는 것으로 인식하고 있으며, 중년 집단에서 미래시간조망 양상의 변화가 나타남을 의미한다. 본 연구 결과는 미래시간조망에 대한 이해를 확대하였다는 데 의의가 있겠다.

Abstract

The aims of the present study were to (i) analyze and compare the factor structure of the Future Time Perspective (FTP) scale using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) and (ii) identify the age differences in the factors of FTP. Participants were 416 young, middle-aged, and older adults, aged 19 years and older, residing in the Seoul metropolitan, Daegu, and Kyungbook areas, and were randomly divided into two groups. The EFA results indicated two factors: FTP-opportunity and FTP-limitation, and the CFA results supported this model as the best-fitting model. Furthermore, young adults perceived their future as having more opportunities and fewer limitations compared to middle-aged and older adults. These results suggest that the FTP pattern is reversed in middle-aged adults. These findings contribute to the understanding of FTP in adulthood.

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