본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

초월적 시간관 척도(TFTPS) 타당화

A Validation Study of the Transcendental-Future TimePerspective Scale

0

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 죽음 이후 시간에 대한 개인의 태도, 가치관, 신념을 의미하는 초월적 미래 시간관을 측정하는 초월적 시간관 척도(the Transcendental-Future Time Perspective Scale: TFTPS)를 국내 성인을 대상으로 타당화하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 번역, 역번역 과정을 거친 TFTPS를 국내 일반성인 682명을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 요인구조를 확인하고 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 전체 682명 중 절반인 339명을 대상으로 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였으며, 탐색적 요인분석 결과, 총 9문항으로 이루어진 2요인 구조가 확인되었다. 요인은 요인의 특성에 맞게 ‘심신 이원론적 관점’과 ‘초월적 관점’으로 명명하였으며, 각각 ‘심신 이원론적 관점’ 3문항, ‘초월적 관점’ 6문항으로 나타났다. 다음으로 343명을 대상으로 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였으며, 확인적 요인분석 결과 2요인 모델이 적합함을 확인하였다. 전체 682명을 대상으로 타당도를 검증하기 위해 시간관, 자아존중감, 자아탄력성, 낙관성, 희망을 통해 준거 타당도를 확인하였으며, 성별, 연령, 종교유무를 통해 집단 변별 타당도를 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 본 연구결과와 선행연구 결과들을 비교함으로써 학문적 의의 및 시사점을 제시하였으며, 제한점을 논의하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to validate a Korean version of the Transcendental-Future Time Perspective Scale (TFTPS) from transcendental-future time perspective, meaning personal attitude, values, and beliefs toward the time after death. To this end, 682 Korean adults were administered TFTPS which was adapted through translation and back-translation. Data were examined for factor structure, reliability, and validity. First, exploratory factor analyses were conducted for a sample of 339 out of 682 Korean adults. Two factors with 9 items (mind-body dualism factor with 3 items and transcendental factor with 6 items) were obtained. Second, confirmatory factor analyses were conducted for a sample of 343 Korean adults. Results showed that the 2 factor model was adequate. Third, criterion-related validity was confirmed through time perspective, self-esteem, self-resilience, optimism, and hope. Discriminant validity was also confirmed through gender, age, and religious affiliation. Finally, implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

참고문헌 (77)

  1. 강이영, "상담과정 희망척도의 개발과 적용", 박사, 교육심리·과정, pp.2003
  2. 김태연, "파울 카루스의 '과학종교' 연구 ― 19세기에 나타난 "종교의 과학화"", 신학연구, 52(2), pp.413~442 (2015), 한신신학연구소
  3. 김택호, "청소년의 탄력성 발달 과정에서 희망과 삶의 의미의 효과", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 16(3), pp.465~490 (2004), 한국상담심리학회
  4. 박희은, "한국형 스웨덴 짐바르도 시간관 설문지 타당화 연구", Journal of The Korean Data Analysis Society, 19(1), pp.489~502 (2017), 한국자료분석학회[DOI]
  5. 서경현, "영적 안녕, 생활 스트레스 및 대처", 한국심리학회지: 건강, 9(2), pp.333~350 (2004), 한국건강심리학회
  6. 서경현, "대학생의 영적 안녕과생활 스트레스, 우울, 및 자아존중감", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 17(4), pp.1077~1095 (2005), 한국상담심리학회
  7. 윤소정, "한국형 Zimbardo 시간관 척도 타당화", 교육심리연구, 26(2), pp.587~606 (2012), 한국교육심리학회[DOI]
  8. 이덕희, "한국판 단축형 짐바르도 시간관 척도 타당화 연구", 석사, pp.2019
  9. 이동환, "종교와 사고 경향(분석적ᐨ종합적 사고: Analytic-Holistic Thinking)이 노스탤지어 광고에 미치는 영향", 미디어 경제와 문화, 16(1), pp.179~222 (2018), (주)에스비에스[DOI]
  10. 이상목, "삶과 죽음에 대한 한국인의 인식 연구", 생명윤리, 13(2), pp.1~18 (2012), 한국생명윤리학회
  11. 정영숙, "중년기의 성숙한 노화와 죽음 태도 및 죽음 대처 유능감의 관계", 한국심리학회지: 발달, 27(2), pp.131~151 (2014), 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회
  12. 전병재, "Self-esteem: A test of its measurability", 연세논총, 11, pp.109~129 (1974)
  13. 탁진국, "짐바르도 시간관 척도 타당화: 직장인을 대상으로", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 29(3), pp.367~383 (2016), 한국산업및조직심리학회[DOI]
  14. 홍세희, "구조방정식 모형에 있어서 적합도 선정기준과 그 근거", 한국심리학회지 : 임상, 19(1), pp.161~177 (2000)
  15. Anagnostopoulos, F., "Exploring time perspective in Greek young adults : Validation of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and relationships with mental health indicators", Social Indicators Research, 106(1), pp.41~59 (2012)
  16. 백현숙, "Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale", PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION, 7(2), pp.109~115 (2010), 대한신경정신의학회
  17. Baumsteiger, R., "Challenges to the conceptualization and measurement of religiosity and spirituality in mental health research", Journal of Religion and Health, 54(6), pp.2344~2354 (2015)
  18. Boyd, J. N., "Constructing time after death: The transcendental-future time perspective", Time & Society, 6(1), pp.35~54 (1997)
  19. Boyd, J. N., "The survival of human consciousness:essays on the possibility of life after death", pp.107~126 (2006), McFarland & Co
  20. Brown, D. R., "Assessing spirituality: The relationship between spirituality and mental health", Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 15(2), pp.107~122 (2013)
  21. Browne, M. W., "Testing structural equation models", pp.136~162 (1993), Sage
  22. Campbell-Sills, L., "Psychometric analysis and refinement of the connor–davidson resilience scale (CD‐RISC):Validation of a 10‐item measure of resilience", Journal of Traumatic Stress : Official Publication of The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 20(6), pp.1019~1028 (2007)
  23. Chang, E. C., "Relations of religiosity and spirituality with depressive symptoms in primary care adults: Evidence for hope agency and pathway as mediators", The Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(4), pp.314~321 (2013)
  24. Cheadle, A. C., "Mastery, self-esteem, and optimism mediate the link between religiousness and spirituality and postpartum depression", Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 41(5), pp.711~721 (2018)
  25. Connor, K. M., "Development of a new resilience scale : The Connor-Davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC)", Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), pp.76~82 (2003)
  26. Curran, P. J., "The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis", Psychological Methods, 1(1), pp.16~29 (1996)
  27. Erikson, E. H., "Identity and the life cycle", Psychological issues, 1(1), pp.1~171 (1959)
  28. Flannelly, K. J., "Beliefs about life-after-death, psychiatric symptomology and cognitive theories of psychopathology", Journal of Psychology and Theology, 36(2), pp.94~103 (2008)
  29. Fradelos, E. C., "Assessment of the relation between religiosity, mental health, and psychological resilience in breast cancer patients", Contemporary Oncology, 22(3), pp.172~177 (2018)
  30. Galek, K., "A brief review of religious beliefs in research on mental health and ETAS theory", Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 16(1-2), pp.58~64 (2010)
  31. Gray, J. G., "The idea of death in existentialism", The Journal of Philosophy, 48(5), pp.113~127 (1951)
  32. Harrawood, L. K., "Measuring spirituality, religiosity, and denial in individuals working in funeral service to predict death anxiety", OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 60(2), pp.129~142 (2010)
  33. Hayman, J. W., "Spirituality among college freshmen : Relationships to self-esteem, body image, and stress", Counseling and Values, 52(1), pp.5~70 (2007)
  34. Henningsgaard, J. M., "Relationships between religiosity, spirituality, and personality : A multivariate analysis", Personality and Individual Differences, 45(8), pp.703~708 (2008)
  35. Henrie, J., "Religiousness, religious doubt, and death anxiety", The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 78(3), pp.203~227 (2014)
  36. Holmes, C., "Adolescents’religiousness and substance use are linked via afterlife beliefs and future orientation", The Journal of Early Adolescence, 37(8), pp.1054~1077 (2017)
  37. Hu, L., "Fit indices in covariance structure modeling : sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification", Psychological Methods, 3(4), pp.424~453 (1998)
  38. Hulbert, R. J., "Time perspective, time attitude, and time orientation in alcoholism : A review", International Journal of the Addictions, 23(3), pp.279~298 (1988)
  39. Hunter-Hernández, M., "Missed opportunity : spirituality as a bridge to resilience in Latinos with cancer", Journal of Religion and Health, 54(6), pp.2367~2375 (2015)
  40. James, A., "Death beliefs, superstitious beliefs and health anxiety", British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41(1), pp.43~53 (2002)
  41. Kaiser, H. F., "An index of factorial simplicity", Psychometrika, 39(1), pp.31~36 (1974)
  42. Kant, I., "Critique of pure reason" (1965), St. Martin’s Press
  43. Kim, Y., "Spirituality and affect:A function of changes in religious affiliation", Personality and Individual Differences, 37(4), pp.861~870 (2004)
  44. Klenow, D. J., "Belief in an afterlife: A national survey", OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 20(1), pp.63~74 (1990)
  45. Kline, R. B., "Principles and practice of structural equation modeling" (2016), Guilford Press
  46. Košťál, J., "Short version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory(ZTPI–short)with and without the Future-Negative scale, verified on nationally representative samples", Time & Society, 25(2), pp.169~192 (2016)
  47. Lens, W., "Extension of future time perspective in motivational goals of different age groups", International Journal of Behavioral Development, 3(1), pp.1~17 (1980)
  48. Lewin, K., "Resolving social confl icts", pp.103~124 (1942), Harper
  49. Mattis, J. S., "Religiosity, spirituality, and the subjective quality of African American men's friendships : An exploratory study", Journal of Adult Development, 8(4), pp.221~230 (2001)
  50. McClain-Jacobson, C., "Belief in an afterlife, spiritual well-being and end-of-life despair in patients with advanced cancer", General Hospital Psychiatry, 26(6), pp.484~486 (2004)
  51. Muldoon, M., "Spirituality, health care, and bioethics", Journal of Religion and Health, 34(4), pp.329~350 (1995)
  52. Nisbett, R, "생각의 지도" (2004), 김영사
  53. Nurmi, J. E., "How do adolescents see their future? A review of the development of future orientation and planning", Developmental Review, 11, pp.1~59 (1991)[DOI]
  54. Nuttin, J. R., "The future time perspective in human motivation and learning", Acta Psychologica, 23, pp.60~82 (1964)
  55. Ortuño, V. E., "Tempus Post-mortem?: Portuguese Adaptation of the Transcendental-Future Time Perspective Scale (TFTPS)", Avances en Psicologia Latinoamericana, 31(2), pp.376~388 (2013)
  56. Peterman, A. H., "Measuring spiritual well-being in people with cancer : the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy—Spiritual Well-being Scale(FACIT-Sp)", Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(1), pp.49~58 (2002)
  57. Rasmussen, C. H., "Spirituality and religiosity : Relative relationships to death anxiety", Omega : Journal of Death and Dying, 29, pp.313~318 (1994)
  58. Rosenberg, M, "Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE), Acceptance and commitment therapy", Measures Package, 61(52), pp.18~ (1965)
  59. Scheier, M. F., "Optimism, coping, and health: assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies", Health Psychology, 4(3), pp.219~247 (1985)
  60. Scheier, M. F., "Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism(and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem) : a reevaluation of the life orientation test", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), pp.1063~1078 (1994)
  61. Schnabel, L., "How religious are American women and men? Gender differences and similarities", Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 54(3), pp.616~622 (2015)
  62. Seema, R., "TRANSCENDENTAL FUTURE--IS IT A HEALTHY BELIEF OR A TIME PERSPECTIVE? THE TRANSCENDENTALFUTURE TIME PERSPECTIVE INVENTORY(TTPI)IN ESTONIAN", TRAMES : A Journal of the Humanities & Social Sciences, 18(1), pp.57~75 (2014)
  63. Sircova, A., "Adaptacija oprosnika vremennoj perspektivy licnosti F. Zimbardo", Psixologičesi Žurnal, 29, pp.101~109 (2008)
  64. Snyder, C. R., "The will and the ways : development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), pp.570~585 (1991)
  65. Stanley, M. A., "Older Adults’ Preferences for Religion", Spirituality in Treatment for Anxiety and Depression, 2011, pp.15(3), 334~343
  66. Suddendorf, T., "Mental time travel and the shaping of the human mind", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences, 364(1521), pp.1317~1324 (2009)
  67. Suddendorf, T., "The evolution of foresight : What is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans?", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30(3), pp.299~313 (2007)
  68. Szpunar, K. K., "Episodic future thought : An emerging concept", Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(2), pp.142~162 (2010)
  69. Timoszyk-Tomczak, C., "Transcendent and Transcendental Time Perspective Inventory", Frontiers in Psychology, 9, pp.2677~ (2018)[DOI]
  70. Toda, M., "Future time perspective and human cognition: An evolutional view", International Journal of Psychology, 18(1-4), pp.351~365 (1983)
  71. Toussaint, L. L., "Forgiveness and health : Age differences in a US probability sample", Journal of Adult Development, 8(4), pp.249~257 (2001)
  72. Tulving, E., "Memory and consciousness", Canadian Psychology, 1985, pp.26(1), 1~12
  73. Unterrainer, H. F., "Religious", spiritual well-being, personality and mental health: a review of results and conceptual issues, 2014, pp.53(2), 382~392
  74. van Beek W., "Time Perspective Theory; Review, Research and Application" (2015), Springer International Publishing
  75. Yonker, J. E., "The relationship between spirituality and religiosity on psychological outcomes in adolescents and emerging adults: A meta-analytic review", Journal of Adolescence, 35(2), pp.299~314 (2012)
  76. Zimbardo, P. G., "Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable, individual differences metric", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), pp.1271~1288 (1999)
  77. Zimbardo, P., "The time paradox:The new psychology of time that will change your life" (2008), Simon and Schuster

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (7건)