독립국가연합 고려인의 사회 정체성과 언어 사용 실태

Abstract

This article examines ethnic identity and national identity of Koreans in CIS and their language use patterns. Data for this study came from a sample survey of 1,020 Koreans in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and the Russian Far East(Sakhalin and Maritime Province) conducted between June and October of 2013. Major findings are as follows. Koreans maintain an above-average level of ethnic and national identities, and in general national identity is slightly stronger than ethnic identity. When we create four types of social identity by combining ethnic identity and national identity, integration is the most frequent type, followed by assimilation, tradition, and marginality. In terms of language use patterns, Koreans use Russian most frequently, followed by Korean, and very few use local languages. The level of Russian language skill is the highest, followed by Korean language skill, and the level of local language skill is very low. When we examine the relationship between social identity and language use patterns, people of integration type have a high level of Korean, Russian, and local languages, whereas people of tradition type have a low level of Russian and local languages. People of assimilation and marginality have a high level of Russian but a low level of Korean. In regard to the prospect of the local language in the host country, Koreans know that local languages will be the most widely used language in their host countries in the future, but they do not have strong will to learn them, suggesting that they have not been responding actively to changing social environments.