5.18민주화운동의 극적 형상화에 대한 고찰 －마당극에 나타난 반미의식을 중심으로－

Abstract

Among the keywords defining the 1980s, anti－Americanism is an indispensable keyword. Anti－Americanism triggered by the May 18 Democratization Movement served as a major variable that changed the phase of the democratization movement, away from anti－Americanism at the emotional level. This led the subjects of the democratization movement to rediscover the people as the subject of new history and to think about the issues of sovereignty and independence. The Madanggeuk work related to the May 18 Democratization Movement contained the process of this change. <Tiger Play>, performed in Gwangju immediately after the 5.18 Democratization Movement, was a work that allegorically revealed that the United States was responsible for the sacrifice of Gwangju citizens using the classic <hojil>. It foretells the change in the status of the United States throughout the 1980s by writing the 5.18 Democratization Movement and anti－American consciousness amid the historical trend of the foreign invasion and anti－foreign movement that began from the opening period. Upon hearing the news of the 5.18 Democratization Movement, university students began to look back on the history of their movement while developing anti－American movements such as the arson attack at the American Cultural Center. Above all, in <Madanggeuk Hong Dong－ji> and <May dance> the people were emphasized as beings to inherit the 5.18 Democratization Movement. Unlike the people in <Tiger Play> who only reminded the victims of Gwangju citizens, in <Madanggeuk Hong Dong－ji> and <May dance>, the people faced off against oppressors including the United States. It is the people who become the subject of historical confrontation at the front line of the democratization movement. Considering the issue of subjectivity in a divided country inevitably leads to a discussion of unification. However, since the 1960s, discussions on unification have frequently been reduced and frustrated by security issues. However, the discussion on unification has also changed since the 1980s, and <People standing up> performed at the 1st National Theater Hanmadang in 1988 showed this moment. The criticism that the United States assisted in the sacrifices of Gwangju citizens and that it was allowing the dictatorship of military forces is the same as in the previous era, but when the characters mentioned the Panmunjom talks and the subject of the talks, the work leapt to the issue of sovereignty and independence. The fact that the United States represents Korea instead of Korea at the Panmunjom talks means that Korea's sovereignty is violated, and the United States has now emerged as the biggest enemy of the division issue. This was the moment when the discussion on unification was brought out of the security frame due to the rising popular vitality following the June 1987 uprising.