조선 후기 사학사의 성격

Abstract

Based on proceeding works, I examined the tendency and characteristics of late Joseon historiography. They were as follows. 1. Neo-confucianism was the leading ideology of late Joseon society supporting the dynasty. The development of neo-confucianism bore history books with ethical evaluation. The history books so called ‘gangmok 綱目’ emphasized legitimacy and ethical evaluation. 「Dongsagangmok 東史綱目」 by An Jeongbok(1712～1791) belonged to the category but was different from the other history books in the methodology and theory of history. 2. Although neo-confucianism was the dominant ideology of politics and society, Geographical-history(歷史地理學) developed and played a central role in historiography. It was founded because of the shock of Japanese invasions from 1592 to 1598. Defending country, its rivers and fortresses, was emphasized. Historical-geography shifted historical focus from politics to geography and from ethical evaluation to the truth of facts. 3. In late Joseon period, history books integrating the records of royal court and an individual were developed. The representative example was 「Yeollyeosilgisul 燃藜室記述」 by Lee Geungik(1736～1806). Lee expanded the scope of the history of the dynasty, which he lived in, while other scholars narrated only up to the previous dynasty. 4. In late Joseon period individual history specialists who dedicated their whole life to historiography appeared: An Jeongbok, Sin Gyeongjun(1712～1781), Lee Geungik, Han Chiyun(1765～1814) etc. 5. There were historical records written by politicians who engaged in practical affairs based on their experiences. For example, 「Jingbirok 懲毖錄」 by Yu Seongnyong(1542～1607), 「Jongdeoksinpyeon 種德新篇」 by Kim Yuk(1580 ～1658), and 「Haedongmyeongjangjeon 海東名將傳」 by Hong Yangho(1724～1802). 6. In late Joseon period, there were history books written by people of different classes: 「Taengniji 擇里誌」 by Lee Jungwhan(1690～1752), a neo-confucian literati; 「Hosanoegi 壺山外紀」 by a jungin, middle class man; 「Yeonjogwigam 椽曹龜鑑」 by a hyangni, petty official. 7. Western knowledge introduced influenced on world view of the time. However the impact of the change in the world view has not been reflected in historiography. Lee Su Gwang(1563～1628), Yu Hyeongwon(1622～1673), Lee Ik(1681～1763), An Jeongbok are scholars who developed a belief focusing on Joseon's history and culture divesting the cosmopolitan historical view of this period. 8. Historical theory emphasizing technical development and literary criticism on historical materials were new characteristics of late Joseon period. 9. Various disciplines were combined in late Joseon period historiography. Buddhism, Taoism, neo-confucianism in ‘Gangmok’ style, and historical-geography were reflected and domestic and international materials were intertwined. In summary compared with early Joseon period historiography, that of late Joseon period showed diversity and development in methodology and historical view. It became the academic foundation for the rapid development of modern nationalism at the end of th 19th century. From the point of historical theory and methodology, late Joseon period historiography can be categorized as a pre-modern historiography. Historians of the period compiled their historical records and 「Taengniji」 written by Lee Jungwhan was read by many. Late Joseon period historiography reached the academic zenith of the Asian at the time in collecting domestic and international materials and criticizing the literary materials.