독일의 역사인식 문제 -바이마르공화국체제와 나치체제에 대한 평가를 중심으로-

Abstract

Germany achieved the belated unification in Europe enough to be evaluated to be called ‘tardy national state.’ Accordingly, as a social change was experienced in modern and contemporary era, there was movement of trying to establish their identity in the inside of Germany with strengthening a concept of ‘nation.' Historians in the so-called “Prussian sect” can be said to have established this ‘nationalistic historical view’ in Germany in the mid-19th century. These people emphasized the formation of a nation state with the center on Prussian, which is led to Bismarck's Unification War and to the process of building German nation of focusing on small Germany in 1871. This perspective formed a dominant discourse within Germany as methodology dubbed ‘historicism of focusing on political history.’By the way, following World War II, Germany's historic consciousness was raised the perspective of trying to deny critical confrontation on the whole context of German history and to analyze the Nazism as ‘accidental case’ within Germany's national history. In other words, German historians rightly after the war denied direct confrontation with the Nazism and the critical evaluation on it. This was the contrasting phenomenon against historic consciousness outside Germany. An issue of historic consciousness on modern and contemporary history has deep relationship with the point of time on the current historical process. Especially, in Germany's modern and contemporary history, each of issues such as two world wars & Weimar parliamentary democratic system, the Nazis & the Holocaust, and issue of punishment on a war criminal can be said to be realistic political issue simultaneously with historical issue. Accordingly, illuminating a flow of modern and contemporary history in German focusing on the issue of the Nazis including the collapse of Weimar parliamentary democracy, which was established following the end of World War I, is one means available for examining the issue of historic consciousness in Germany's historic academic circles. This writing aims to pay attention to interaction between the development in the internal discussion in learning and the ‘memory culture’ in German society, with a change in perspective on a discourse of the Weimar republic system and the conservative revolution, and on the issue of the Nazism and Holocaust, as for a change in German's historic consciousness.