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윌리엄 칼로스 윌리엄즈의 보편성 인식 ―지평의 확대

William Carlos Williams’ Awareness of the Universal: Expansion of the Horizon

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주제분류영어와문학

초록

This study examines the notions of universality William Carlos Williams tries to not constitute but recognize in the world of things (or objects). He finds universality embodied in the particular. Each individual that shows up in his poems has its own uniqueness, yet is ordinary at the same time. As readers see the remarkable presence of each object, they can feel some experiences common to them because they have experienced situations each object is constituting with its own individuality and interactions between the objects. Even locality becomes universal. As a practiced place with history and heredity, each locality shares empirical reality and processes of cultural transformation with one another. This sharing makes it possible for particularities to lead to universality. Most of Williams’ poems are created from acute perceptions of everyday people and objects, and from their raw potentiality. His frequent use of juxtaposition of images offers multiple suggestions. Thus, his poems serve as open-ended fields for process of perception and vision. For readers to capture the suggestions, first they are required to free from their pre-conceptions or preoccupations to lead to their own pure awareness. This awareness refers to the clarity and intensity of vision. Williams believes that imagination and this vision are combined to form aesthetic, reflective, and creative meditation as a way to gain universal vision. He asks us to discern or discover universality in the particulars and expand our horizons with this vision.

Abstract

This study examines the notions of universality William Carlos Williams tries to not constitute but recognize in the world of things (or objects). He finds universality embodied in the particular. Each individual that shows up in his poems has its own uniqueness, yet is ordinary at the same time. As readers see the remarkable presence of each object, they can feel some experiences common to them because they have experienced situations each object is constituting with its own individuality and interactions between the objects. Even locality becomes universal. As a practiced place with history and heredity, each locality shares empirical reality and processes of cultural transformation with one another. This sharing makes it possible for particularities to lead to universality. Most of Williams’ poems are created from acute perceptions of everyday people and objects, and from their raw potentiality. His frequent use of juxtaposition of images offers multiple suggestions. Thus, his poems serve as open-ended fields for process of perception and vision. For readers to capture the suggestions, first they are required to free from their pre-conceptions or preoccupations to lead to their own pure awareness. This awareness refers to the clarity and intensity of vision. Williams believes that imagination and this vision are combined to form aesthetic, reflective, and creative meditation as a way to gain universal vision. He asks us to discern or discover universality in the particulars and expand our horizons with this vision.

참고문헌 (21)

  1. 구자광, "윌리엄 카를로스 윌리암스의 여성성에 대하여", 현대영미시연구, 10(2), pp.1~22 (2004), 한국현대영미시학회
  2. 김홍기, "The Locality of Things: The Poetics of william Carlos williams", 현대영미시연구, 10(2), pp.191~211 (2004), 한국현대영미시학회
  3. 손혜숙, "시간성과 모더니티 —윌리암스의『봄과 모든 것』을 중심으로", 영어영문학, 55(1), pp.83~105 (2009), 한국영어영문학회[DOI]
  4. 심진호, "윌리엄 칼로스 윌리엄즈의 예술적 상상력과 통섭" (2015), 작가와 비평
  5. 이삼출, "커밍스와 윌리엄즈 시의 회화적 서사전략", 영미어문학, (86), pp.111~134 (2008), 한국영미어문학회
  6. 최용미, "윌리엄스의 서사적 텍스트에 나타난 미국의 문화 정체성", 현대영미시연구, 12(1), pp.221~250 (2006), 한국현대영미시학회
  7. 홍은택, "“과정”의 시학으로: 『패터슨』 다시 읽기", 현대영미시연구, 8(2), pp.161~179 (2002), 한국현대영미시학회
  8. Bakhtin, Mikhail, "The Dialogical Imagination: Four Essays" (1981), U of Texas P
  9. Buell, Lawrence, "The Environmental Imagination : Thoreau, Nature Writings, and the Formation of American Culture" (1995), Harvard UP
  10. Copestake, Ian, "The Cambridge Companion to William Carlos Williams", pp.130~142 (2016), Cambridge UP
  11. Duffey, Bernardo, "A Poetry of Presence : The Writing of William Carlos Williams" (1986), U of Wisconsin P
  12. Gray, Richard, "American Poetry of the Twentieth Century" (1990), Longman
  13. Halter, Peter, "The Poem on the Page, or the Visual Poetics of William Carlos Williams", William Carlos Williams Review, 32, pp.95~115 (2015)
  14. Marsh, Alec, "The Cambridge Companion to William Carlos Williams", pp.82~100 (2016), Cambridge UP
  15. Miller, Perry, "Errand into the Wilderness" (1956), Harvard UP
  16. Morris, Daniel, "The Writing of William Carlos Williams : Publicity for the Self" (1995), U of Missouri P
  17. Steinman, Lisa M., "The Cambridge Companion to William Carlos Williams", pp.53~65 (2016), Cambridge UP
  18. White, Eric B., "The Cambridge Companion to William Carlos Williams", pp.8~23 (2016), Cambridge UP
  19. Williams, william Carlos, "In the American Grain" (1952), New Directions
  20. Williams, william Carlo, "Paterson" (1963), New Directions
  21. Williams, william Carlo, "The Collected Poems of William Carlos Williams. Vol I. 1909-1939" (1986), New Directions

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