조선성교서회의 초기 역사(1890-1919) 재고찰
Reframing the Early History of the Korean Religious Tract Society, 1890-1919
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본 논문에서는 19-20세기 전환기에 중국을 중심으로 기독교 서적이 생산ㆍ유통되던 구조를 고찰하기 위해 영국에서 발생한 RTS(Religious Tract Society, RTS)라는 출판기관에 초점을 두며, 조선성교서회(Korean Religious Tract Society)의 초기 역사를 영ㆍ미ㆍ중국서회와의 관계 속에서 재구성한다. RTS는 성서 번역과 출판만 전담하는 성서공회(The Bible Society)와 달리 교리서와 찬송가, 교회학교 교재와 정기간행물, 교양서적을 망라하여 출판하는 특징을 보인다. 이 기관은 우리나라에서 조선성교서회(1890-1906), 조선예수교서회(1907-38), 조선기독교서회(1939-47), 대한기독교서회(1948-현재)로 약간의 명칭 변경과 함께 그 명맥을 이어오고 있으며, 중국에서는 성교서회(聖敎書會) 또는 성교서국(聖敎書局)이라는 이름으로 알려져 있다. 지금까지 조선성교서회에 관한 연구는 주로 신학과 교회사의 관점에서 수행되었으며 연구의 범위도 국내의 맥락으로 제한되어 있었다. 조선성교서회의 발행물에 관한 연구도 마찬가지로 기독교의 국내 수용이나 토착화에 중점을 둔 주제가 많았다. 이들과 달리 본 연구에서는 우리나라 서회와 해외 출판계가 맺고 있던 관계성을 주목한다. 1890년에 ‘The Korean Religious Tract Society’라는 이름으로 조선에 서회가 설립되기 이전부터 구미 → 중국 → 조선으로 지식 생산과 유통의 관계망이 형성되어 있었다는 점을 드러내며, 영국과 미국, 중국과 조선에서 서회의 사업이 어떻게 상호 연결되어 있었는지를 밝힌다.
Abstract
This paper attempts to explain how Christian literature was produced and mediated in China and Korea by the Religious Tract Society(hereafter RTS), a British Christian publishing agency, at the turn of the 20th century. The purpose of doing so is to reframe the early history of the Korean Religious Tract Society in relation to the global networks of the RTS, unlike previous studies on this institution. While the networks of the RTS played a pivotal role in producing and mediating its publications in China and Korea, there has been little investigation of this phenomenon. This is partly because previous studies on the Korean RTS have generally been limited to domestic context with a focus on indigenization of Christianity from theological and church history perspectives. Contrary to this, my approach is to reveal the transcontinental publishing activities within this intellectual networks of the RTS that allowed the formation of British-American-Sino-Korean Christianity. For this, the establishment of the RTS and its expansion to China is briefly explained. Then a new time frame of the early history of the Korean RTS is suggested, to include precedents of the establishment of the Korean RTS in 1890: 1) 1870s to 1889, 2) 1890 to 1910, 3) 1911 to 1919. In this reframed historical narrative, I explain the developing relations with the RTS and the American Tract Society to the Protestant missionaries stationed in China and Japan, respectively, for producing Korean Christian texts. Then the background of the flow of Chinese Christian literature to Korea is explained, tracing the network between the Chinese RTS in Shanghai and Hankow to the missionaries in Korea enclosing Seoul into their book distribution. Finally, the establishment of the Korean RTS and its rapid development up to 1919 is attributed to its link to the foreign network as well as the unique social context of Korea at the turn of the 20th century.
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