5·16과 군사정권에 대한 일본 기독교계의 반응 -‘한국문제 그리스도자 긴급회의’ 결성까지(1961~1974)를 중심으로-

Abstract

This study tries to clarify the reaction of Japanese Christianity to the Park Jeonghee regime, and conjoint activities for the Korean democratic movement from the May 16 military coup to January 1974, when the “Emergency Christian Conference on Korean Problems” was formed. It also pays attention to the factors that led Japanese Christianity to participate the conjoint activities at the time and the role of Koreans in Japan. Mainly using the historical resources of Japanese Christianity, firstly, this study examines the reactions of Japanese Christianity shown immediately after the May 16 military coup, and how Japanese Christians’ perception toward colonial rule has been changed in the process of mutual exchanges between Korea and Japan. Secondly, dividing into two periods, one from the military coup to the beginning of the Yushin regime and the other after the Yushin regime, this study examines the reactions of Japanese Christianity to the Park regime and what kind of conjoint activities were with Korean Christianity at each period. Finally, before the Japanese Christianity joined to the Korean pro-democracy movement, this paper tries to find out whether or not the existence of Koreans in Japan and their appeals impacted on Christianity in Japan. The points revealed through this study are as follows. The May 16 military coup took place before any kind of mutual exchanges between Korean and Japanese churches began, and it was also long before Japanese Christianity’s perception toward colonial rule was changing. In addition, the Japanese Christianity showed little response to major political movements before the Yushin regime, and under the Yushin regime, the announcement of “the Korean Christian faith declaration” and the arrest of Pastor Park Hyung-kyu led the start of Japanese Christianity’s conjoint with Korean Christianity. A sense of responsibility toward colonial rule lied at the bottom of this conjoint activities. Prior to the beginning of the conjoint movement for Democracy in Korea, it was the commitment for human rights of Koreans in Japan that made Japanese Christianity realize its responsibility for colonial rule and foster historical, concrete and responsible participation and conjoint.