미국인들의 정당일체감과 이슬람에 대한 태도
Party Identification and Attitudes toward Islam among Americans
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초록
본 논문은 전 세계적으로 무슬림 인구가 증가하는 동시에 이슬람 혐오가 확산되고 있는 상황에서 반 이슬람 정서에 대한 연구가 필요하며, 경제, 사회, 문화적 접근뿐만 아니라 정치적 측면에 대한 논의도 필요하다는 문제의식에서 출발한다. 특히 이슬람 혐오와 관련한 사회적 이슈에 있어서 정당의 역할이 중요한 만큼 이슬람에 대한 태도를 결정하는 여러 요인들 중에서도 정당일체감에 주목하며, 어떤 정당을 지지하느냐에 따라 이슬람에 대한 태도가 달라지는지 경험적으로 확인하고자 하였다. 유럽 국가들에 비해 비교적 뚜렷하게 양당에 대한 정당일체감을 보이는 미국인들을 사례로 하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 미국인들의 이슬람에 대한 태도는 정당일체감, 종교, 경제적 인식, 무슬림 인맥, 인구통계학적 특성 등 다양한 요인들로부터 영향을 받아 결정되는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 본 연구에서 이슬람에 대한 태도를 결정하는 정치적 요인으로서 주목한 정당일체감의 영향력은 제한적으로만 확인되었다. 민주당을 지지할수록 이슬람에 대한 태도가 긍정적인 경향은 거의 모든 분석결과에서 발견되었지만, 공화당 지지 및 무당파 여부에 따른 태도의 유의미한 변화는 대부분의 분석결과에서 발견되지 않았다. 정당일체감과 이슬람에 대한 태도의 상관관계는 매우 제한적인 단계에 머물러 있는 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
The present study attempts to investigate anti-Muslim sentiments among Americans, focusing on the impact of party identification. Much research on Muslims have been devoted to economic, social, and cultural aspects, while the political aspect of Muslims has not received much attention. By analyzing the role of party identification in the formation of anti-Muslim sentiment, this research attempts to contribute to the previous literature. The results of data analysis shows that Americans’ attitudes toward Muslims are influenced by several factors, including party identification, religion, economic situation, and personal relations with Muslims. Although the influence of party identification is found to be rather limited, the result shows that those who are identified with the Democratic Party are more likely to have positive attitudes toward Islam, while respondents who are identified with the Republican Party or Independents do not have significant relations with anti-Muslim sentiments.
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