삶과 죽음에 대한 불교 딴뜨리즘의 과제

Abstract

The view of the world about life and death is as it is written in early Buddhist scriptures the repetition of life and death is not ceased until the extinction of ignorance(Avidya) of sentient beings, so massive materials concerning wisdoms and practice systems of cutting ignorance and are found in Buddhist scriptures. The Buddhist idea is that there is no death of sentient beings but just a continuation of impermanent self consciousness and physical body as a result of dependent arising which state are divided into birth moment, life, death moment and intermediate state of body, which instead is not as an extinction of life but a lateral transmission to other living beings. The doctrinal foundation of reincarnation of life and death are found in early Buddhist scriptures but it is near around 8th century that the practice system of visualizing retrogression and progression of self in dependent arising system were respectively developed to Generation Stage and Completion Stage of Anuttarayoga-tantra system in the age of post Esoteric Buddhism. The Miscellaneous Yoga(Sukṣuma-yoga) provided the foundation of practice system of Tantrism which consists of theories of internal respiration, tube of body and wind that enabled both the achievement of physical and intermediate state of body as Boddhahood. The school of Jñānapada and Nagarjuna did a major role to establish those doctrines and principles of practice system which were classified into Expedient Tantric system but afterward it soon was flourished the Mother Tantric system which developed the Tantric yoga system that one of major concern was an achievement of Saṃbhogakaya while in the state of intermediate body. The Book of Dead(Bardo Thödrol) was resulted from those Mother Tantric system which those doctrines and practice system are evaluated by the practical and realistic implement of transforming life and death of sentient beings into realm of Buddhahood. It is the success of Buddhist Tantric system that resulted in the advent of Scriptures of Sadhanas , Rites and thesis which major concern was to transform the three state of sentient beings into Buddha's body through visualization and contemplation techniques that are still waiting for the interpretation and researches in the future.