불교 딴뜨라 문헌이 전하는 샤이바(Śaiva) 의례의 도입과 해석
Adoption and Assimilation of Śaiva Rituals as Seen in Buddhist Tantric Texts
0
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본고는 바즈라야나(Vajrayāna)라고 불리는 불교 딴뜨라의 문헌들이 외부 전통에 관해 직,간접적으로 증언하는 내용을 살펴봄으로써, 이전의 대승 불교와 비교해 이질적인 요소를 다수 포함하는 바즈라야나의 의례들을 어떤 방식으로 접근, 이해할 수 있는지를 논의해 보고자 한다. 먼저, 유사 의례를 차별화하면서, 불교 의례의 권위를 재설정하는 초기 바즈라야나 문헌의 구체적인 구절들을 살펴본다. 더불어 불교와 샤이바(Śaiva)의 딴뜨라 문헌들이 동일한 텍스트를 공유함으로써 상호 긴밀한 관계를 유지해 온 사례들을 조사한다. 이는 딴뜨라의 수행과 의례가 상이한 종교 전통들 속에서 각기 어떻게 자리 잡게 되는지를 여실히 보여주는 증거라고 할 수 있다. 이같이 바즈라야나가 샤이바 등의 외부 전통과 유사할 수 있음을 확실히 인지하고 있던 불교 문헌의 주석자들이 그러한 요소들을 어떻게 불교 고유의 사상과 철학으로 해석해 내는지를 몇 가지 예를 통해 살펴본다. 이를 통해 본고는 불교 딴뜨라 연구를 텍스트의 분석을 바탕으로, 바즈라야나의 발전을 여타 인도 종교 전통의 맥락에서 살펴봤을 때 도출할 수 있는 연구 성과들을 종합적으로 검토한다.
Abstract
Vajrayāna, although distinguished from Mahāyāna Buddhism in various respects, is regarded as the later development of Indian Mayāyāna Buddhism. Vajrayāna teaches various tantric rituals and practices that some presumably originated from or were closely associated with non-Buddhist traditions, particularly, Śaivism. A series of recent ground-breaking articles by Alexis Sanderson has shown significant textual evidence of how Buddhism interacted with other Indian Tantric traditions in a wide range of edited and unedited tantric texts from Sanskrit manuscripts, inscription, etc. This article utilises his methodology and attempts to provide concrete examples, as found in various Buddhist tantric scriptures, which implicitly and explicitly convey attestation of their adoption of Śaiva rituals. In addition, Buddhist commentators were clearly aware of the similarity in ritual and practice of Vajrayāna and other Tantric traditions. Therefore, I examine some passages too how they expounded the fundamental difference of Vajrayāna by elucidating the meaning of Buddhist tantric rituals in accordance with their own philosophical views, Yogācara or Mādhyamika. Conclusively, by introducing textual evidence including the recent findings of scholars in Tantric studies, this article aims to demonstrate the importance of textual studies in understanding the development of Vajrayāna.
참고문헌 (27)
- "Cakrasaṃvaratantra", ~
- "Niśvāsatattvasaṃhitā의 Guhyasūtra", ~
- P.L. Viadya, "Mañjuśriyamūlakalpa" (2009), Mithila Institute
- "Sarvabuddhasamāyogaḍākinijālaśaṃvara", ~
- Bang, "Tantrasadbhāva", NGMPP A44-2. NGMPP A44-1, ~ (2018)
- Janardan Shastri Pandey, "Cakrasaṃvarapañjikā" (2002), Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies (CIHTS)
- "Dākārṇavatantra", Ḍākārṇavamahāyoginītantra NGMPP A138-9, ~
- Samdhong Rinpoche, "Guhyādi-Aṣṭasiddhi-Saṃgraha" (1978), CIHTS
- Mukund Rām Śāstrī, "Tantrāloka of Abhinavagupta with the commentary (-viveka) of Rājanaka Jayaratha", Kashmir Series of Texts and Studies (KSTS), 52 (1933), Bombay and Srinagar
- "Niśvāsatattvasaṃhitā-guhyasūtra", Goodall&Isaacson, ~ (2016)
- Śīlendrabodhi, "Mahāvairocanābhisaṃbodhitantra rNam par snang mdzad chen po mngon par byang chub pa’i rgyud : Peking, Rgyud ’bum, vol. tha", pp.115b2~225b2
- Janardan Shastri Pandey, "Yoginīsaṃcāra with the commentaries of Tathāgatarakṣita and Alakakalaśa" (1998), CIHBS
- "Vajraḍākamahātantra", Tokyo University Library MS 342(New), 326 (Old), ~
- Horiuchi, Kanjin(堀内寛仁), ", 2 vols", Mikkyō Bunka Kenkyūjo, Kōyasan University, Wakayama-ken Kōya-chō
- Isaacson, "The Sekanirdeśa of Maitreyanātha (Advayavajra) with the Sekanirdeśapañjikā of Rāmapāla:Critical Edition of the Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts with English Translation and Reproductions of the Mss" (2014), Università Studi Di Napoli “L’orientale”
- Brunner, "Somaśambhupaddhati", Kriyākāṇḍakramāvalī of Samaśambhu, ~ (1998)
- 방정란, "힌두 탄트라의 Pīṭha(聖所) 종류와불교 탄트라적 수용", 불교학리뷰, (9), pp.219~246 (2011), 불교문화연구소[DOI]
- 방정란, "딴뜨라 문헌의 동족 구분을 위한 비밀신호, Chomma 연구", 회당학보, 9, pp.547~584 (2012), 회당학회
- Goodall, Dominic, "Tantric Studies, Collection Indologie 131" (2016)
- Isaacson, Harunaga, "Hindu and Buddhist Initiations in India and Nepal" (2010), Harrassowitz Verlag
- Isaacson, Harunaga, "Yoginīyoga", Yogin as Yoginī on the sādhana of female deities in Indian mantranaya Buddhism, 2011, ~[DOI]
- Sanderson, Alexis, "Buddhism into the Year 2000", pp.87~102 (1994)
- Sanderson, Alexis, "Essais sur le Rituel III:Colloque du Centenaire de la Section des Sciences religieuses de l’École practique des Hautes Études", pp.15~95 (1995)
- Sanderson, Alexis, "Genesis and Development of Tantrism", pp.41~349 (2009), Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo
- Szántó Peter-Daniel, "Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism" (2015), Brill
- Tsnehiko, Sugiki, "Genesis and Development of Tantrism", pp.515~562 (2009), Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo
- Wallis, Christopher D, "To Enter, to be entered, to merge:The role of religious experience in the traditions of Tantric Shaivism", 박사, pp.2014