브리하다란야카 우파니샤드 주석서의 중요성 _샹카라의 교육법을 중심으로_
The Importance of Śaṅkara’s Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad Bhāṣya: With a Focus on His Pedagogical Methods
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참고문헌
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초록
본고는 우파니샤드 중 가장 초기 우파니샤드 중의 하나인 『브리하다란야카 우파니샤드』에 대한 샹카라의 주석서인 『브리하다란야카 우파니샤드 주석서』(Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad Bhāṣya, 약칭 BUBh)를 연구한 것이다. BUBh는 비록 그의 『브라흐마 수트라 주석서』(Brahma Sūtra Bhāṣya)에 비해 연구가 덜 이루어졌으나, 그 사료적 중요성과 베단타 전통 내의 중요성으로 보아 독립 대상으로서 연구할 가치가 높다. BUBh를 철학적, 신학적으로 접근한 두 선행 연구들과 달리 이 연구는 교육법에 초점을 두고, 이 교육법은 텍스트를 통독할 때 드러나게 된다고 주장한다. 독자는 의식하든 의식하지 않든 발췌독, 정독, 통독을 교차적으로 하게 되지만, 특히 BUBh는 발췌독, 정독과 함께 텍스트 전체를 통독해야 이 텍스트가 초급에서 고급으로 발전하는 단계를 고려한 교과서의 기능을 하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 그래서 본고는 BUBh를 앞에서부터 뒤로 순서대로 읽어야 이 텍스트를 더 바르게 이해할 수 있고, 더불어 교사 샹카라의 구체적 모습을 알고 느낄 수 있다고 주장한다.
Abstract
This paper studies Śaṅkara’s Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad Bhāṣya (henceforth BUBh), which is a commentarial work on the Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad, one of the two earliest Upaniṣads. The BUBh is worth studying as itself since it is very important both in the Upaniṣadic corpus and in the Advaitin commentarial tradition. It also is to be studied for the following reasons: first, the Upaniṣads are most fundamental and authoritative among the three main scriptures for the Vedānta tradition, i.e., the Upaniṣads, the Bhagavad Gītā and the Brahma Sūtra; second, the BUBh is the longest commentary among all of his commentarial works on the Upaniṣads and the ideas contained it are as rich as his commentary on the Brahma Sūtra; and lastly, the BUBh’s literary style has been revered by some Sanskritists and Indologists. I argue that it is necessary to read this important text BUBh as a whole, not in extracted or summarized forms, in order to understand and relish it better, because the text is arranged in the pedagogical order so that the first portion on the same argument is for the beginners and the later portion on the same argument is for the advanced learners. Through reading the entire text, the philosopher and commentator Śaṅkara turns out to be a careful teacher who greatly cares about how to reveal his teachings to his audience. Therefore, one should read this text from start to end to understand both it and its commentator better.
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