사회신뢰의 국가 간 비교: 한국과 미국의 대학생들 간의 신뢰정도 비교를 중심으로
Cross-national Comparison of Generalized Trust between Korean and American University Students
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1990년대 사회자본이론이 주목받기 시작한 후 서구의 국가와 동양의 국가 간의 전반적 신뢰수준의 차이에 대하여 경험적으로 검증한 연구는 많으나 그 결과가 일관되게 보고되지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 연구결과에서 나타나는 비일관성이 연구 방법의 결함에 기인한다는 학자들의 지적에 대응하여, 대안적인 연구 설계를 통해 국가 간의 신뢰수준 차이를 검증하는데 그 목적을 둔다. 이를 위하여 기존 연구방법의 한계점을 검토하고 이에 대한 대안을 제시하고자 한다. 보다 구체적으로 말하자면, 사회자본론에서 말하는 문화적 속성으로서의 신뢰의 개념을 재정의한 후, 보다 일반적인 협동상황을 배경으로 한 준 실험설계를 제시한다. 이를 바탕으로 한국과 미국의 대학에서의 학생들 간의 협동과정에서 일어나는 신뢰차이를 관찰한 결과, 한국의 일반 신뢰수준은 미국의 일반 신뢰수준에 비하여 낮을 뿐 아니라, 사적 신뢰 역시 미국에 비하여 낮은 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과를 기존 연구결과와 비교하여 사회자본 이론에 시사하는 바를 논의하였다.
Abstract
After the emergence of social capital theory, many scholars have conducted cross-cultural comparison research on social trust between eastern and western society. These research reported mixed findings. Numerous scholars pointed out the methodological flaws of existing research on social trust, and we believe that the apparent inconsistency in the results are attributable to these flaws. This study suggests an alternative approach to cross-cultural comparison of social trust. The author reviews the critiques regarding the research methods adopted in the existing studies as well as the concept of generalized as a socio-cultural phenomenon, and discuss how the methodological pitfalls can be overcome and how to operationalize the concept of social trust in a way more suitable to test the arguments of the social capital theory. The alternative research method proposed in this study features an quasi-experiment of real-life collaboration, rather than scenario-based experiment. The author examines trust among university students collaborating for class project in Korea and the U.S. and found that the level of trust between strangers was significantly greater for U.S. students than Korean students. Moreover, they were also significantly greater in trust between friends. The implications for the literature are also discussed.
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