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사회적 자본으로서의 신뢰 형성:개인자료에 의한 미시적 접근

An Empirical Analysis of Social Trust in Korea

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키워드

주제분류경제학

초록

사회적 자본이 경제발전에 중대한 기여를 한다는 실증적 근거가 늘어나면서, 이의 대표적 구성요소인 신뢰의 형성 과정에 대한 경제학적 관심이 높아지고 있다. 대부분의 국내연구가 주로 거시적인 측면에서 우리나라의 낮은 신뢰수준과 그 원인에 집중된 반면, 본 논문에서는 우리니라의 경우 개인적 차원에서 타인에 대한 신뢰 형성이 어떠한 사회․경제적 요인에 의존하는지를 실증적으로 분석한다. 세계가치관조사(World Values Survey)의 개인 설문자료에 기초한 Probit 회귀분석은 사회적 자본 이론의 주요 가설과 대체로 부합하는 결과를 보여준다. 예를 들어, 사회적 자본 형성에 관한 이론에서 강조되고 있는 자발적인 사회단체 참여 경험과 사회적 규범의식이 우리나라에서도 신뢰형성에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 흥미로운 점은 비공식적인 단체보다는 공식적인 사회단체 참여경험이 타인에 대한 신뢰수준에 영향을 미치고 있다는 것이다. 신뢰형성에 대한 긍정적 또는 부정적 영향의 여부는 단체의 종류에 따라 차이를 보였다. 또한 일반적인 예상과 달리, 소득수준이나 경제상황과 같은 개인의 경제적인 특성은 신뢰형성에 유의한 영향을 주지 않고, 사회적인 특성 중에서도 교육수준만이 신뢰와 높은 상관성을 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

It is well known that the level of social trust in Korea is relatively low compared to other OECD countries. This paper provides an empirical investigation of what determines social trust on an individual level in Korea. A special emphasis is given on how impersonal trust depends on social characteristics of individuals as well as other economic and demographical properties. A standard Probit regression model is applied based on the World Values Survey(WVS) data. Our empirical results show that formation of impersonal trust in Korea is affected in a significant way by associational activities and attitudes towards social norms, being consistent with the main hypotheses from the theory of social capital. In addition, education seems to be strongly correlated with social trust, while income level or other economic variables are not significant.

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