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한국개신교회의 새벽기도의 초기에 대한 연구

Research on the Beginnings of Early Morning Prayer in the Korean Protestant Church

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초록

한국개신교회의 새벽기도에 대한 경건 서적이나 일반적인 도서는 수많지만 새벽기도의 초기를 연구한 학문적 글들의 수는 매우 적다. 필자는 2004년에서 2010년 사이에 한국교회의 새벽기도의 역사적 기원과 종교적 배경에 대하여 연구했고 2010년 7월에 박사학위 논문을 제출하여 2011년 2월에 독일 아우구스타나 대학교에서 종교학/선교학 박사학위를 취득했다. 오늘까지 한국 목사들과 신학자들의 대다수가 새벽기도가 20세기 초의 부흥운동 때나 그보다 조금 이전에 시작되었다고 생각하며 길선주를 창시자로 본다. 필자가 2004년과 2005년에 한국개신교회의 새벽기도가 이미 1890년대에 실천되었다는 증명을 발견한 후 2006년에 옥성득 박사가 한국 교회의 새벽기도가 1898년에 시작되었다는 논문을 출판했다. 그러나 필자의 연구에 의하면 한국개신교회의 새벽기도가 1898년 보다 더 일찍 실천되었다. 박사학위 논문에서는 그 이전에 이미 한국천주교인들이 실천했던 새벽기도도 연구했고 새벽기도의 종교적 배경도 연구했지만 이 논문에서는 우선 개신교회의 새벽기도의 초기에 대해서만 집중하며 다른 연구결과들은 앞으로 차차 소개할 계획이 있다. 박사학위 취득 후에 한국개신교회에서 아마도 가장 일찍 실천되었던 새벽기도에 대한 기록을 필자가 2011년에 김경진 박사를 통하여 알게 되었다. 이에 대한 증거도 검토하며 논문 마지막에서 한국 개신교회에서 새벽기도를 시작한 자가 누구이었는지에 대해 논하려고 한다.

Abstract

The author gives an overview over the oldest early morning prayers of Korean Protestants between 1880 and 1909. Out of the 14 examples, 6 were newly detected by the author. The author gives a brief analysis and sometimes a new interpretation of all examples. Until 2006 when Sung-Deuk Oak introduced an early morning prayer held in 1898, the earliest known early morning prayers stemmed all from the beginning of the 20th century. The author found 5 examples for early morning prayers before 1898, the earliest in September 1890. In 2011, through Kyeong-Jin Kim, he learned of a description of maybe the oldest early morning prayer by a Korean Protestant known so far, that can be dated into the years between 1880 and 1891. The author shows that the usual explanations for the beginning of the practice of early morning prayers are obsolete through his research. Neither did the early morning prayers start during the Revival Movement, nor were they initiated by women, introducing Korean women's traditional folk-religious custom of early morning prayer during the offering of "Jeong-An-Su" (also called "Jeong-Hwa-Su" or "Ok-Su") into the church, as at least six out of the earliest seven examples were practised only by men. Also the allegation that Koreans started them autonomously has become very questionable, as in two cases, foreign missionaries held early morning prayers all by themselves, and Samuel Austin Moffett possibly was involved in five of the earliest seven examples. Besides Moffett, also Seok-Jin Han and Hong-Jun Baek and the early Protestant community in Euiju may have played an important role in the introduction of early morning prayers into the Protestant Churches in Korea.

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