An Educational Approach to Theodicy: ‘Experiential Theodicy’ for the Sick through Spiritual Mentoring
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The purpose of this study is to put forth an educational approach to theodicy. I propose an ‘experiential theodicy’ through spiritual mentoring for the sick, who suffer one of the most prevalent suffering in the world. The methodology for this study is a modified version of R. R. Osmer’s ‘Consensus model’ of practical theology. I begin with a descriptive section that includes for context the concrete story of a sick man whom I had the chance to observe in a pastoral role and descriptions of three theological responses to his suffering: atheistic rage, understanding of sickness as punishment, and communal participation. In the interpretive section, I systematically explore diverse themes and types of theodicy in light of these theological responses: theoretical theodicy, practical theodicy, and the integrated view of the two. In the normative section, I select useful elements for an effective theodicy for the sick from critical discussions on the themes of theodicy: the sufferer’s voice, the compassionate God who suffers with the sick, emotional/spiritual healing within transformative suffering, and spiritual growth. With these elements, in the fourth, normative section I formulate an ‘experiential theodicy’ as an effective theodicy for the sick. In the final, pragmatic section, I show that the practice of spiritual mentoring can play an effective facilitating role in the process of experiential theodicy, and thus propose spiritual mentoring as the most suitable educational method for the sick. As conclusion, I argue that ‘experiential theodicy’ should be regarded as an effective educational approach to the sick. ‘Experiential theodicy’ has its purpose and method in common with Christian education, spiritual growth and mentoring, which allows ‘experiential theodicy’ to function as an educational approach to theodicy. Thus, this new type of spiritual mentoring for the sick should be added to the repertoire of the ministry of Christian educators.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to put forth an educational approach to theodicy. I propose an ‘experiential theodicy’ through spiritual mentoring for the sick, who suffer one of the most prevalent suffering in the world. The methodology for this study is a modified version of R. R. Osmer’s ‘Consensus model’ of practical theology. I begin with a descriptive section that includes for context the concrete story of a sick man whom I had the chance to observe in a pastoral role and descriptions of three theological responses to his suffering: atheistic rage, understanding of sickness as punishment, and communal participation. In the interpretive section, I systematically explore diverse themes and types of theodicy in light of these theological responses: theoretical theodicy, practical theodicy, and the integrated view of the two. In the normative section, I select useful elements for an effective theodicy for the sick from critical discussions on the themes of theodicy: the sufferer’s voice, the compassionate God who suffers with the sick, emotional/spiritual healing within transformative suffering, and spiritual growth. With these elements, in the fourth, normative section I formulate an ‘experiential theodicy’ as an effective theodicy for the sick. In the final, pragmatic section, I show that the practice of spiritual mentoring can play an effective facilitating role in the process of experiential theodicy, and thus propose spiritual mentoring as the most suitable educational method for the sick. As conclusion, I argue that ‘experiential theodicy’ should be regarded as an effective educational approach to the sick. ‘Experiential theodicy’ has its purpose and method in common with Christian education, spiritual growth and mentoring, which allows ‘experiential theodicy’ to function as an educational approach to theodicy. Thus, this new type of spiritual mentoring for the sick should be added to the repertoire of the ministry of Christian educators.
참고문헌 (36)
- Barry, William A, "The Practice of Spiritual Direction" (1982), HarperCollins
- Byrne, Peter, "Natural Religion and the Nature of Religion : the Legacy of Deism" (1989), Routledge
- 채혁수, "신정론과 기독교 교육적 적용", 신학과 실천, (63), pp.389~418 (2019), 한국실천신학회[DOI]
- Cully, Iris. V, "Education for Spiritual Growth" (1984), Harper & Row
- Davy, John, "Couselling Skills in Palliative Care" (2000), Open University Press
- Dougherty, Rose Mary, "Group Spiritual Direction" (1995), Paulist Press
- Dykstra, Craig, "Growing in the Life of Faith: Education and Christian Practice" (1999), Geneva Press
- Anderson, Keith R, "Spiritual Mentoring: A Guide for Seeking and Giving Direction" (1999), InterVarsity Press
- Earle, Mary C, "Days of Grace" (2009), Morehouse Publishing
- Guignon, Charles, "Dostoevsky: The Grand Inquisitor with Related Chapters from The Brothers Karamazov" (1993), Hackett Publishing Co
- Hauerwas, Stanley, "God, Medicine, and Suffering" (2000), William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
- Hick, John, "Evil and the God of Love" (1966), Harper & Row
- Jones, W. Paul, "The Art of Spiritual Direction: Giving and Receiving Spiritual Guidance" (2002), Upper Room
- 김경은, "영성지도의 역사: 영성지도자의 정체성과 역할을 중심으로", 선교와신학, (45), pp.11~41 (2018), 세계선교연구원[DOI]
- 김기철, "영혼 돌봄에 기반을 두는 목회상담: 영성지도의 속성을 받아들이는 상담", 신학과 실천, (63), pp.239~269 (2019), 한국실천신학회[DOI]
- 권진숙, "죽어가는 사람들의 영혼의 순례: 호스피스·완화의료를 위한 영혼의목회적 돌봄", 신학과 실천, (57), pp.155~186 (2017), 한국실천신학회
- 이강학, "미국 개신교 영성지도 실천과 연구 현황", 신학과 실천, (66), pp.129~155 (2019), 한국실천신학회[DOI]
- Leech, Kenneth, "Soul Friend: The Practice of Christian Spirituality" (1977), Harper & Row
- Loder, James E, "The Transforming Moment: Understanding Convictional Experiences" (1989), Helmers & Howard
- Mitchell, Stephen, "The Book of Job" (1992), HarperPerennial
- Nouwen, Henri J. M, "The Road to Daybreak" (1988), Doubleday
- Oh, Bang-Sik, "Counselling and Pastoral Counselling", pp.429~471 (2003), Yeyoung Communication
- Osmer, Richard. R, "The Role of Practical Theology in Protestant Religious Education Theory", Journal of Christian Education and Information Technology, 2, pp.5~32 (2001)
- Ruffing, Janet. K, "To Tell the Sacred Tale: Spiritual Direction and Narrative" (2011), Paulist Press
- Shanks, Rachel, "Mentoring Beginning Teachers : Professional Learning for Mentees and Mentors", International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in Education, 6(3), pp.158~163 (2017)
- Sellner, Edward C, "Mentoring: The Ministry of Spiritual Kinship" (1990), Ave Maria Press
- Soelle, Dorothy, "Suffering" (1984), Fortress Press
- St. Ignatius Loyola, "The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola" (2007), Cosimo
- Stoeber, Michael, "Reclaiming Theodicy" (2005), Palgrave MacMillan
- Stoeber, Michael, "Evil and the Mystics’ God" (1992), University of Toronto Press
- Surin, Kenneth, "Theology and the Problem of Evil" (1986), Wipf and Stock Publishers
- Swinton, John, "Raging with Compassion" (2007), William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
- Weil, Simone, "Simone Weil" (1998), Orbis
- Won, Joo-Hee, "Love Does not Stop" (2012), Word of Life Publishers
- Yancey, Philip, "Where is God When It Hurts" (1996), Zondervan Publishing House
- You, Hae-Yong, "Mentoring and Church Education: the Need for Spiritual Direction", Educating Church, 280, pp.2~7 (2000)