결정적 사건기법을 이용한 호텔 고객불평과 복구전략분석
Analysis of Hotel Customer Complaint and Recovery Strategy Using Critical Incident Technique
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참고문헌
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초록
서비스 실패는 고객 충성도를 파괴시키는 잠재력을 가지고 있으므로 기업에서는 서비스 복구에 지대한 관심을 가지고 서비스의 질을 높이려고 노력하고 있다. 이러한 흐름에 따라 본 연구에서는 호텔이라는 특정 서비스 산업에서의 서비스실패와 복구전략에 대해 결정적 사건 기법을 이용하여 알아보았다.Hoffman et al.(1995)의 분류기법에 근거하여 416개의 자료가 분석을 위해 사용되었으며, 연구결과 업그레이드, 무료식사, 할인은 매우 효과적인 복구수단으로 나타났다. 일반적으로 무형적 복구보다는 유형적인 복구수단이 고객만족에 크게 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 고객들은 보상에 근거한 복구형태를 더욱 선호하며 그들은 보상으로부터 보다 즉각적인 가치를 인식하는 것으로 보인다. 하지만 무형적인 복구수단인 정중한 사과는 다른 세 가지의 유형적인 복구보다도 오히려 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고객이 경험한 서비스실패의 심각성에 따라 그 고객의 재이용의도를 살펴본 결과, 심각성은 재이용의도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
A critical incident technique(CIT) was employed to show the results of empirical findings regarding hotel services. The major purpose of this study was to describe and analyze service failures from the customers' point of view and thus suggest strategic implications for hotel service providers. Four-hundred sixteen service failure anecdotes from hotel customers were classified using Hoffman et al.'s(1995) approach. The CIT data showed the three major categories and eleven sub-categories and revealed that, in general, tangible recovery(e.g., upgrade, free meal, discount) was more effective than intangible one(e.g., explanation, canned apology, manager's apology). Interestingly, however, sincere apology seemed to be a better recovery strategy than other types of tangible recovery. Furthermore, the results showed that severity of service failure had its own impact on customers' perception regarding hotel's service recovery efforts. In particular, irrespective of service recovery, severity of service problem was negatively related to intention to repurchase. Managerial implications and future research agenda was also discussed.
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