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중국은 특수한가? 비교정치연구에서 중국사례의 의미

Is China an Exception? The Chinese Case in Comparative Political Analysis

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

중국의 부상과 함께 중국정치에 대한 학문적 관심도 크게 확대되었다. 그러나 비교정치의 영역에서 중국연구는 여전히 비주류적인 위치를 차지하고 있고, 중국을 포함하는 체계적인 다국가 비교정치 분석은 많지 않다. 그 중요한 방법론적 원인은, 중국은 특수성을 지닌 예외적 사례이기 때문에 근본적으로 국가 간 비교가 어렵고, 일반화할 수 있는 이론적 함의를 도출하기 어렵다는 인식이다. 이 논문은 사례선택에 대한 방법론적인 분석을 통해, ‘중국사례의 특수성’에 대한 편견을 반박하고 다국가 비교분석에서 중국사례가 중요한 역할을 할 수 있는 방법론적 가능성을 논한다. 이 논문은 비교분석적 관점에 입각하여 이론적으로 중요한 질문들을 던지면서 그동안 중국 단일사례에 축적된 성과들을 활용한다면, 중국이야말로 정치학일반의 이론적 발전에 결정적인 기여를 할 수 있는 사례가 될 것이라 주장한다.

Abstract

With the rise of China, academic interest in China and Chinese politics has also greatly increased. However, China is still often treated as an exceptional case in comparative politics, a case fundamentally difficult to compare with other national cases and to generate generalizable theoretical implications. Arguing against such a general perception that overemphasizes the Chinese case's idiosyncracy, this paper discusses the logic and method of case selection in comparative politics and analyzes when and why China can play an important role in cross-national comparative analyses. It also suggests important comparative questions that can generate interesting theoretical implications from the studies of Chinese politics and economy in transition. This paper concludes that, if researchers raise analytic questions that can utilize research findings accumulated in the in-depth case studies of China and place China in a wider comparative perspective, China can make a significant contribution to theory-building in political science in general.

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